Azalic

Azalic (Togarmite: lysėni Azali; Proto-Azalic: Əngoilin woiq̇) is an imagined Indo-European branch, intended to serve as an alternate possible diachronics of the English language. It has a descendant, Khuamnisht, inspired by English and Armenian.

The name Azalic is derived from Azal, a Persian cognate of Əngoil /ˈəngojl/, the legendary mother of the Azalic people (cognate of Ahalyā in Hindu mythology).

Urheimat

The Proto-Azalic Urheimat is believed to be Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Family tree

• Azalic
  • Əinglisċ
    • Early New English
      • English
      • a Danish-like VSO language spoken in Sri Lanka
      • Polish Azalic
  • Khuamnisht
  • something with ejectives

Phonology

Inspirations: Vietnamese, Armenian, literally read Irish

m n bh dh gh ᵹh p t c q ph th ch qh ṗ ṫ ċ q̇ s ṡ h l r y w

/m n bʰ dʰ gʰ gʷʰ p t k kʷ pʰ tʰ kʰ kʷʰ f θ x xw sʰ z h l r j w/

Nota Bene: The stops and vowels had a wide variety of dialectal realizations, as in Modern Armenian. Some Proto-Azalic dialects had realizations of the stops that are much closer to Sanskrit; this is reflected in loans from those dialects in English, like dream <- *troimə (pronounced /drəɨmə/ in the dialect).

Vowels: e i o u ə é í ó ú oe əɨ eo ou ieu ia ua /e i o u ə~ʌ e: i: o: u: oe əɨ eo əu iəu iə uə/ + offglides in -i; allophonic Open Syllable Lengthening

Reflexes:

• oi > uə
• iH > i:
• ei > oe, sometimes iə
• ē > e:
• e, i > e, i
• uH > eo (u: in some words)
• u > u (needs umlaut)
• ou > əɨ
• eu > əɨ (iəu in some words)
• o > o (needs umlaut)
• oH, ô, eh2, eh3 > əu

• enC > oeC
• onC > əuC
• nC > eoC

h1oinos, dwoh1, treyes, kwetwores, penkwe, sweks, septm, oktōw, h₁néwn̥, deḱm -> xuən, təu, tʰriə~tʰre:, pʰoþur, pʰoəxw, seks, sefn, oxʰtəu, nəɨn, texn~te:n

huon, tou, thré, phoṫur, phoeq̇, secs, seṗn, ohtou, nəɨn, teċn/tén

h₃nómṇ > *nomə > L-MidE name > name

Morphology

Nouns

Proto-Azalic had a highly eroded case system. The notation (i) denotes "i-umlaut" or a j-offglide on the nucleus.

• dir. -0, (i)
• voc. (i), (i)
• obl. (i)~(i)-ə~ə, -su~-ṡu
• gen I. -is, (i)-is~-ə
• gen II. -in, (i)-in
• lat. -ther, (no pl)

vəlqh 'wolf'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vəlqh	vəilqh
Vocative	vəilqh	vəilqh
Genitive	vəlqhis	vəilqhsi, vəlqhə
Genitive II	vəlqhin	vəilqhin
Oblique	vəilqhə	vəilqhsu
Lative	vəlqhthir	-

qenə 'lady; wife'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	qenə	qenəh
Vocative	qenə	qenəh
Genitive	qenəis	qenə
Oblique	qenə	qenəṡu
Lative	qenəthir	-

ghous 'goose'
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ghous	ghouis
Vocative	ghouis	ghouis
Genitive	ghousəis	ghouisi(s), ghousə
Oblique	ghouis	ghoussu
Lative	ghousthir	-

Adjectives

Adjectives were uninflected, because they were split off from adjective-noun compounds.

Pronouns

The conjunctive pronouns were used as pronominal subjects in unmarked sentences. The disjunctive pronouns were used as direct, indirect or prepositional objects and in sentences such as:

• It est mé "It's me".
• ne jú 'not you'
• Mé, iċ oil chuamə. 'Me, I'm going home.'

	1sg.	2 (number neutral)		3sg. proximal animate		3sg. proximal inanimate	1pl.	3sg. distal animate; 3pl	interr.
		neutral	rude	'he'	'she'				'who'	'what'
Conjunctive	iċ	júh	ṫú	cheh	sí	it, 't	wia	ṫoeh	qhú	qhot
Disjunctive	mé	jú	ṫé	chem	chéh	it, 't	əs	ṫem	qhúm	qhot
Possessive	moenə	juṡə	ṫoenə	cheis	chéṡə	eis	eoṡə	ṫoeṡə	qhois

Verbs

-eh2ti > -ə; -yeti, -eyeti > (i)-ə

The original PIE personal affixes were lost. When the subject was nominal singular, "he", "she" or "it", the suffix -se (from PIE *swe) was required for verbal agreement. The 2sg and 3sg distal pronouns were number neutral so they didn't take -se.

The different forms were:

• Imperative (source of English imperative): non-past without any endings
• Nonpast (the source of the English present): e-grade or otherwise the unmarked form of the verb
• Past: PIE reduplicated perfect or root aorist
• Irrealis (source of the English subjunctive, including were): sigmatic future.
• Stative (the source of the English past): a tenseless form like the Akkadian stative. Originally a deverbal noun; formed with the o-grade (deriving nouns in PIE) for strongs, -ṫ from -tús (with random voicing) for weaks, (i)-ə from -ih2 for semistrongs. It was not a true finite verb form so it didn't take -se.
  • Some modal verbs in English, such as can, will, shall, may, must, ought, come from statives and thus are called stative-present verbs.
• Active participle: -ənt
  • -ənt-qhe became the present progressive -ing in English.
• Passive participle (source of English past participle): zero-grade with -n from -nós, or -dh from -tós

Proto-Azalic had at least three distinct verb paradigms:

• The weak verbs became the English weaks
• The strong verbs became the non-class 7 strongs in English (e.g. bind)
• The semistrong verbs became the class 7 strongs such as fall, hold, grow, know

Verb conjugation

	Weak: luṗə 'love'	Strong: bhendh 'bind'	Semistrong: choldh 'grasp'
Imperative	luṗə	bhendh	choldh
Nonpast	luṗə(-se)	bhendh(-se)	choldh(-se)
Past	leluṗə(-se)	bhəndh(-se)	cechəldh(-se)
Irrealis	luṗəṡə(-se), luṗəh(-se)	bhendhəṡə(-se), bhendhəh(-se)	choldhəṡə(-se), choldhəh(-se)
Stative	luṗəṫ	bhondh	choildhə
Active part.	luṗənt	bhəndhənt	choldhənt
Passive part.	luṗədh	bhəndhən	choldhən

Syntax

Constituent order

• SVO, VSO in questions or for emphasis
• Prepositions over postpositions
• Adjectives and genitives before nouns; relative clauses after nouns.
• No accusative-infinitive

The English accusative and infinitive construction doesn't come from PAzal; it is a result of substrate influence from Mixolydian.