Modern Phrygian: Difference between revisions
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Line 162: | Line 162: | ||
| [ŋ] | | [ŋ] | ||
| | | | ||
| This | | This occurs when the following consonant is ⟨ξ⟩, ⟨ξ̌⟩, or non-palatalized ⟨κ⟩ or ⟨χ⟩. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| before palatal consonants ([ɟ] or [ç]) | | before palatal consonants ([ɟ] or [ç]) | ||
| [ɲ] | | [ɲ] | ||
| | | | ||
| This | | This occurs when the following consonant is palatalized ⟨κ⟩ or ⟨χ⟩. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| everywhere else | | everywhere else | ||
Line 201: | Line 201: | ||
| [ð] | | [ð] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| ει | |||
| after a consonant and before a vowel | |||
| [ʝ] | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 213: | Line 218: | ||
| [ʒ] | | [ʒ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| η | |||
| after a consonant and before a vowel | |||
| [ʝ] | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 291: | Line 302: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| κζ | |||
| everywhere | |||
| [ɡz] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| κζ̌ | |||
| everywhere | |||
| [ɡʒ] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| λ(λ) | | λ(λ) | ||
Line 310: | Line 333: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ν | | rowspan="2"| ν | ||
| | | non-final | ||
| [n] | | [n] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | final | ||
| [-̃, ɰ̃] | |||
| [ | |||
| | | | ||
| Nasalizes the preceding vowel. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| νν | |||
| | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [n] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ν(ν)ι | ||
| before | | before a vowel | ||
| [ | | [ɲ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ξ | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [ks] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ξ̌ | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [kʃ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | οι | ||
| | | after a consonant and before a vowel | ||
| [ | | [ʝ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| after | | ου | ||
| | | after a consonant or word-initial and before a vowel | ||
| | | [w] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="3"| π | ||
| [ | | after vowel or liquid | ||
| [b̥] | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | after nasal | ||
| [ | | [b] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | otherwise | ||
| [p] | |||
| [ | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ππ | ||
| [ | | everywhere | ||
| [p] | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | πζ | ||
| [ | | everywhere | ||
| [bz] | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | πζ̌ | ||
| [ | | everywhere | ||
| [bʒ] | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ρ(ρ) | ||
| [ | | [r ~ ɾ] | ||
| | | | ||
| In free variation. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | σ(σ) | ||
| [s] | |||
| [ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="3"| τ | ||
| | | after vowel or liquid | ||
| [ | | [d̥] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | after nasal | ||
| [ | | [d] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | otherwise | ||
| [ | | [t] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ττ | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [t] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | τσ | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [ts] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | τσ̌ | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [tʃ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | τζ | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [dz] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | τζ̌ | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [dʒ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="4" | υ | ||
| [ | | after a consonant and before a vowel | ||
| | | [ʝ] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | after ⟨α⟩ or ⟨ε⟩ and before a nasal consonant | ||
| [m] | |||
| [ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | after ⟨α⟩ or ⟨ε⟩ and word-final or before a voiceless consonant | ||
| [ | | [f] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | after ⟨α⟩ or ⟨ε⟩ otherwise | ||
| [v] | |||
| [ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | φ | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [t] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| before | | rowspan="2"| χ | ||
| [ | | before front vowel | ||
| [ç] | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | otherwise | ||
| [x] | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | χι | ||
| | | before vowel | ||
| [ | | [ç] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ψ | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [ps] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |ψ̌ | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [pʃ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====Vowels===== | =====Vowels===== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Line 658: | Line 537: | ||
! Examples !! Remarks | ! Examples !! Remarks | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | α | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|[ | | style="text-align:center;"|[a] | ||
| | | | ||
| Actually closer to [ä]. | |||
|- | |||
| ε | |||
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |[e] | |||
| | | | ||
| rowspan="2" | Actually closet to [e̞]. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | αι | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|[ | | | ||
| ι | |||
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="6"|[i] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| η | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| υ | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| ει | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | οι | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| υι | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ο | ||
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|[o] | |||
| | | | ||
| | | rowspan="2"| Actually closer to [o̞]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ω | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ου | ||
| style="text-align:center;"|[u] | | style="text-align:center;"|[u] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
<!-- | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Vowel letters in diphthongs | |+ Vowel letters in diphthongs |
Revision as of 07:55, 18 April 2022
Modern Phrygian (Native: βρουζ̌ικιά /vɾuʒiˈɟa/) is modern variety of the Phrygian language.
Modern Phrygian | |
---|---|
τα βρουζ̌ικιά ξ̌ώσσα | |
Pronunciation | [ta vɾuʒiˈɟa ˈkʃosa] |
Created by | Shariifka |
Indo-European
|
Introduction
Etymology
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
Letter | Context | IPA | Examples | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
β | everywhere | [v] | ||
γ | before front vowels ([e] or [i]). | [ʝ] | ||
before velar consonants ([ɡ] or [x]) | [ŋ] | This occurs when the following consonant is ⟨ξ⟩, ⟨ξ̌⟩, or non-palatalized ⟨κ⟩ or ⟨χ⟩. | ||
before palatal consonants ([ɟ] or [ç]) | [ɲ] | This occurs when the following consonant is palatalized ⟨κ⟩ or ⟨χ⟩. | ||
everywhere else | [ɣ] | |||
γγ | before front vowel | [ɲ] | ||
elsewhere | [ŋ] | |||
γι | before vowels | [ʝ] | ||
γγι | before vowels | [ɲ] | ||
δ | everywhere | [ð] | ||
ει | after a consonant and before a vowel | [ʝ] | ||
ζ | everywhere | [z] | ||
ζ̌ | everywhere | [ʒ] | ||
η | after a consonant and before a vowel | [ʝ] | ||
θ | everywhere | [θ] | ||
ι | as a semivowel | [ʝ] | This occurs when ⟨ι⟩ is preceded by a consonant other than ⟨γ⟩, ⟨κ⟩, ⟨χ⟩, ⟨λ⟩, or ⟨ν⟩ and followed by a vowel. | |
κ | after vowel or liquid and before front vowel ([e] or [i]). | [ɟ̊] | ||
after vowel or liquid otherwise | [ɡ̊] | |||
after nasal before front vowel | [ɟ] | |||
after nasal otherwise | [ɡ] | |||
everywhere else before front vowel | [c] | |||
otherwise | [k] | |||
κκ | before front vowel | [c] | ||
otherwise | [k] | |||
κι | after vowel or liquid and before a vowel | [ɟ̊] | ||
after nasal before a vowel | [ɟ] | |||
otherwise before a vowel | [c] | |||
κκι | before a vowel | [c] | ||
κζ | everywhere | [ɡz] | ||
κζ̌ | everywhere | [ɡʒ] | ||
λ(λ) | everywhere | [l] | ||
λ(λ)ι | before a vowel | [ʎ] | ||
μ(μ) | everywhere | [m] | ||
ν | non-final | [n] | ||
final | [-̃, ɰ̃] | Nasalizes the preceding vowel. | ||
νν | everywhere | [n] | ||
ν(ν)ι | before a vowel | [ɲ] | ||
ξ | everywhere | [ks] | ||
ξ̌ | everywhere | [kʃ] | ||
οι | after a consonant and before a vowel | [ʝ] | ||
ου | after a consonant or word-initial and before a vowel | [w] | ||
π | after vowel or liquid | [b̥] | ||
after nasal | [b] | |||
otherwise | [p] | |||
ππ | everywhere | [p] | ||
πζ | everywhere | [bz] | ||
πζ̌ | everywhere | [bʒ] | ||
ρ(ρ) | [r ~ ɾ] | In free variation. | ||
σ(σ) | [s] | |||
τ | after vowel or liquid | [d̥] | ||
after nasal | [d] | |||
otherwise | [t] | |||
ττ | everywhere | [t] | ||
τσ | everywhere | [ts] | ||
τσ̌ | everywhere | [tʃ] | ||
τζ | everywhere | [dz] | ||
τζ̌ | everywhere | [dʒ] | ||
υ | after a consonant and before a vowel | [ʝ] | ||
after ⟨α⟩ or ⟨ε⟩ and before a nasal consonant | [m] | |||
after ⟨α⟩ or ⟨ε⟩ and word-final or before a voiceless consonant | [f] | |||
after ⟨α⟩ or ⟨ε⟩ otherwise | [v] | |||
φ | everywhere | [t] | ||
χ | before front vowel | [ç] | ||
otherwise | [x] | |||
χι | before vowel | [ç] | ||
ψ | everywhere | [ps] | ||
ψ̌ | everywhere | [pʃ] |
Vowels
Letter | IPA | Examples | Remarks | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
α | [a] | Actually closer to [ä]. | |||
ε | [e] | Actually closet to [e̞]. | |||
αι | ι | [i] | |||
η | |||||
υ | |||||
ει | |||||
οι | |||||
υι | |||||
ο | [o] | Actually closer to [o̞]. | |||
ω | |||||
ου | [u] |