Idavic languages

Idavic languages/Lexicon

Idavic languages/Swadesh

Idavic
Created by	–
Geographic distribution	Etalocin, eastern Txapoalli, Bjeheond
Linguistic classification	One of Tricin's primary language families
Proto-language	Proto-Idavic (PId)

Idavic (from reconstructed Proto-Idavic *ʔidawi 'person') is a Trician language family which includes Dodellic. The urheimat is central-western Etalocin. Proto-Idavic is inspired by Proto-Hebrew and Proto-Balto-Slavic.

Proto-Idavic grammar was very similar to that of Classical Netagin. Modern Idavic languages native to Etalocin have various typologies depending on the sprachbund.

Family tree

• Idavic
  • A language with Uralic grammar
  • Netagic (the only tricons branch)
    • Netagin (Optimized for piyyutim)
  • Hmoob-like language
  • Shalaian
  • Palkhan

Phonology

Consonants

Proto-Idavic had about 28 consonants and had a distinction between front and back coronals and front and back velars.

		Labial	Front coronal	Back coronal	Front velar	Labiovelar	Back velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n̪~n̠/		ŋ /ɲ~ŋ/
Plosive	voiceless	p /p/	t /t̪/	ť /t̠/	ḱ /k̟/	kʷ /kʷ/	k /k̠/	ʔ /ʔ/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d̪/	ď /d̠/	ǵ /g̟/	gʷ /gʷ/	g /g̠/
Fricative			s /s̟/	š /s̠/	x́ /x̟/	xʷ /xʷ/	x /x̠/
Affricate			c /t̪s̟/	č /t̠s̠/
Resonant		w /w/	l /l̪/	r /r/, ľ /ɺ/	y /j/

s c were lamino-dental, and š č were retracted apico-alveolar.

Vowels

Proto-Idavic had a vowel system similar to that of Proto-Balto-Slavic.

Proto-Netagin vowels

	Front		Back
	short	long	short	long
Close	i /ɪ/	ī /i:/	u /ʊ/	ū /u:/
Open	e /æ/	ē /æ:/	a /ɑ/	ā /ɑ:/

Diphthongs: ay aw ey ew /ɑj ɑw ɛj ɛw/

Morphology

Triconsonantal but only Netagin preserves this

Intransitive and transitive forms turn into agent-oriented vs patient oriented in Netagin; most other Idavic languages retain only one of the intransitive and transitive forms.

Proto-Idavic had only one true preposition, *mi. Other meanings expressed with prepositions in English were indicated with verbs.

Pronouns

	1sg	2sg	3sg	1pl	2pl	3pl
Independent	*wēlu	*wēbu	-	*wēći	*wēnīʔi	-
Emphatic	*hanlī	*hanbā	(demonstratives)	*hanćā	*hannīʔi	(demonstratives)
Alienable	*le-	*be-	*ʔin-	*će-	*neś-	*ʔeś-
Inalienable	*-alu	*-abu	*-ī	*-ćā	*-nīʔi	*-iś

Nouns

	decl. A		decl. B		decl. D
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
Absolute state	lēti	lētāla	ʔisteleḱi	ʔistelahaḱi	-īni	-ijē
Construct state	lēta-	lētā-	ʔisteleḱa-	ʔistelahaḱa-	-	-

Verbs

Stem markers mainly marked aktionsart:

• ʔ- dynamic
  • infix allomorphs: (Vcreaky)1 telic, 1V(creaky)l2V3 iterative
• ŋ- causative
• s-infix: to do in advance
• various reduplications for "a little", gradual, frequentative or "too much"

Stem	Intransitive	Transitive	Applicative	Transgressive	Verbal noun
a-stem	*1i2a3	*-(e)12a3	*-1in2a3	*1a2ā3	*1a2ī3i, *1e2ī3i
e-stem	*1a2e3	*-12e3	*-1in2e3	*ʔa1e2ā3	*12e3eḱi
ʔ-prefix stem	*ʔa12e3	*-ʔa12u3	*-ʔi1en2i3	*ʔa12ā3	*ʔa12ē3i
ŋ-prefix stem	*ŋa12e3	*-ŋ1a2u3	*-ŋ1in2i3	*ŋa12ā3	*12ū3eḱi
š-infix stem	*1aš2e3	*-1aš2u3	*-1išin2o3	*1aš2ā3	*1aš2ē3i
ʔ-infix stem	*1aʔ2e3	*-1aʔ2u3	*-1iʔin2i3	*1aʔ2ā3	*te1aʔ2e3i
2-redup	*21a2e3	*-2a12u3	*-21in2u3	*21a2ā3	*21a23eḱi
3-redup	*1i2a3e3	*-1a23u3	*-1in2i3u3	*1a2a3ā3	*12a3ē3i
13-redup	*1i31a2e3	*-1i3a12u3	*-1i31in2u3	*1i31a2ā3	*1i31a2ē3

Derivation

• Noun patterns: 1a23, 1i23, 1u23, 1a22ū3, 1a2a3, 1a2i2, 1a2u3, ŋa12ū3, 1ā2a3, 1ī2a3, 1ī2ī3, 1ī2ū3
• 1aʔ2ū3 = adjective relating to personal qualities
• ʔe12ā3 = agent noun
• 1iʔ2i3 = resultatives
• 1aʔ2e3 = tendency/quality of X
• 1iʔ2a3 = degree/measure
• -ām = augmentative (source of -om in Naeng and Eevo)
• -ān = abstract noun, collective
• 1a2ī3 = quality adjective
• 1u2a3 = resultative adjective
• 1e2ā3 = event
• śi12ū3 = event
• tawa12a3
• śi12a3/śi12i3 = instrument
• wa12ē3/wa12ī3 = profession
• ti12a3/ti12e3 = process
• wa12ū3 = patient noun
• wa12ā3 = resultative noun

Syntax

Proto-Idavic was rigidly head-initial with a morphosyntax similar to Lushootseed or Austronesian. Most present-day Idavic languages (except Netagin) are less head-initial.