Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
=== External classification ===


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=== Internal classification ===
{{clade
  |label1='''Atlanto-Mediterranean'''
  |1={{Clade
      |1=Anatolian
      |label2=
      |2={{Clade
        |1=Pontic
        |label2=
        |2={{Clade
            |label1=Eastern
            |1={{clade
              |1=Nordic
              |2=Alpine
              |3=Dinaric
              }}
            |label2=Western
            |2={{clade
              |1=British
              |2=Atlantic
              |3=Mediterranean
              }}
            }}
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  }}


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==

Revision as of 02:32, 14 May 2023

Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean
Proto-Paleoeuropean, Proto-Indo-Atlantic, Proto-Indo-Boreo-Atlantic
(Controversial)
Created byCaesar05
Date2023
SettingPossibly Near East or Europe
EthnicityEarly Eurasian Hunter-Gatherers
EraUpper Paleolithic
Early forms
Dialect
  • Disputed (?)
Aurignacian culture map-en.svg
Map of the Aurignacian culture distribution

Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean is a hypothetical reconstructed language thought to be the ancestor of the Atlanto-Mediterranean proposed linguistic macrofamily. This large group includes several language families and isolated languages spoken primarily in Europe. Its origin is controversial and would be linked to the Ahmarian culture of the Middle East or the Aurignacian culture of Europe, both associated with the settlement of Europe by Homo sapiens during the Paleolithic. However, due to the extreme remoteness of this ancient language, its precise reconstruction faces enormous challenges. In the absence of direct evidence, one can only rely on speculation and the limited long range comparative historical evidence available.

Introduction

External classification

Proto-Sapiens (?)

Paleoafrican




Khoisan




Pygmean



African

Niger-Congo



Nilo-Saharan



Eurasian
Austran

Indo-Austro-Pacific



Atlanto-Mediterranean



Borean


Afroasiatic



Nostrato-Amerindian





Dené-Caucasian



Austric










Internal classification

Atlanto-Mediterranean

Anatolian




Pontic



Eastern

Nordic



Alpine



Dinaric



Western

British



Atlantic



Mediterranean







Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
Laminal Apical Sublaminal
Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Postpalatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal *m *n
Plosive Voiceless Ejective *pʼ *tʼ *tsʼ *tɬʼ *tʃʼ *tɕʼ *kʼ *qʼ
Aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *tsʰ *tɬʰ *tʃʰ *tɕʰ *kʰ *qʰ
Voiced Plain *b *d *dz *dɮ *dʒ *dʑ *g
Murmured *bʱ *dʱ *dzʱ *dɮʱ *dʒʱ *dʑʱ *gʱ *ɢʱ
Fricative Voiceless *f *s *x *h
Voiced *v *z
Liquid Rhotic *r
Lateral *l
Click *(ʘ) *(qǂ)

Approximants

Labial Palatal Velar
Labial *w
Palatal *j
Velar *w

Vowels

Front Central Back
Short Long Short Long Short Long
High *i *iː *ɨː *u *uː
Mid *e *eː *əː *o *oː
Low *a *aː *ɐː *ɑː

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Auxiliar lexicon and morphology

Auxiliar stem: *(C)=VC[V]

  • =əʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [indefinite])
  • =ɐʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [imperfective])
  • =ɨʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb [perfective])

Pronominal stem: *C[V]-(CV)

*ʔ- : pronoun [subject]
Person Indefinite Singular Plural
First *ʔə- > *ʔə *ʔə-bə > *pə *ʔə-gə > *kə
Second *ʔə-də > *tə *ʔə-ɢə > *qə *ʔə-dzə > *tsə
Third *ʔə-dʒə > *tʃə *ʔə-dɮə > *tɬə *ʔə-dʑə > *tɕə
*n- : pronoun [object]
Person Indefinite Singular Plural
First *nə- > *nə *nə-bə > *mə *nə-gə > *ŋə
Second *nə-də > *nə *nə-ɢə > *ɴə *nə-dzə > *nə
Third *nə-dʒə > *ɲə *nə-dɮə > *ɳə *nə-dʑə > *ɲə

Auxiliar structures

Lexicon

Verbal stem: *(C)=VCVC[V]

Nominal stem: *CVC[V]-(CV)

Numerals
Number Cardinal Ordinal
1 Example Example
2 Example Example
3 Example Example
4 Example Example
5 Example Example
6 Example Example
7 Example Example
8 Example Example
9 Example Example
10 Example Example
11 Example Example
12 Example Example
13 Example Example
14 Example Example
15 Example Example
16 Example Example
17 Example Example
18 Example Example
19 Example Example
20 Example Example


Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources