User:MIGUELbM/Muna v2.8: Difference between revisions
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===Allophony=== | ===Allophony=== | ||
* | * [β ð ɣ] undergo fortition [b d g] when adjacent to a stop or nasal | ||
* | * Unvoiced stops and their voiced counterparts, when adjacent [pb bp td dt kg gk], become voiced and geminated [b: d: g:] | ||
* | * [ð] undergoes fortition [d] before [l] | ||
* | * [l] becomes a lateral release [◌ˡ] after alveolar stops [t d] | ||
* | * [n ŋ] become palatal nasals [ɲ] before [j] | ||
* [h] becomes [ɧ] before [j] | |||
* [j] undergoes fortition [ʝ] word-initially | |||
* [h ɣ g] become labialized [hʷ ɣʷ gʷ] before [w] | |||
==Word Classes== | ==Word Classes== |
Revision as of 01:02, 9 April 2015
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p | t | k | |||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||
Fricative | Spirant | β | ɸ | ð | θ | ɣ | h | |
Silibant | s | |||||||
Liquid | Flap | ɾ | ||||||
Approx. | l | |||||||
Glide | Approx. | j | w |
Vowels
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Unrounded | Rounded | |
Close | i | u |
Mid | e | o |
Open | a | ɒ |
Diphthongs
i | u | |
---|---|---|
a | ai | |
e | ei | |
ɒ | ɒu | |
o | ou |
Phonotactics
Syllable (σ) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Onset (ω) | Rime (ρ) | |||
Initial (ι) | Medial (μ) | Nucleus (ν) | Coda (κ) | |
|
|
|
|
Initial (ι)
- Initials are optional word-initially and mandatory elsewhere
- Can’t have the same manner of articulation as a preceding coda
Medial (μ)
- Medials re optional
- Liquids are only allowed after stops or fricatives
- /s/ Is only allowed after nasals or liquids
- /s/ is forbidden on a first syllable or after a syllable with coda
Nucleus (ν)
- Nuclei are mandatory
- Diphthongs are not allowed after a semivowel
Coda (κ)
- Codas are optional
- Nasals must have the same place of articulation as the following obstruent
- Liquid + fricative are only allowed word-finally
Stress
Stress is often placed on the first syllable, sometimes on the second.
Allophony
- [β ð ɣ] undergo fortition [b d g] when adjacent to a stop or nasal
- Unvoiced stops and their voiced counterparts, when adjacent [pb bp td dt kg gk], become voiced and geminated [b: d: g:]
- [ð] undergoes fortition [d] before [l]
- [l] becomes a lateral release [◌ˡ] after alveolar stops [t d]
- [n ŋ] become palatal nasals [ɲ] before [j]
- [h] becomes [ɧ] before [j]
- [j] undergoes fortition [ʝ] word-initially
- [h ɣ g] become labialized [hʷ ɣʷ gʷ] before [w]
Word Classes
Nouns
Dependency Structure
Determiner | Quantifier | Noun | Case | Adjective | Genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | Number |
Muna Versions
Current version is v2.7, other versions hosted on Linguifex are below