Hammadhi: Difference between revisions
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| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif" | ||
|+ Hammadhi consonant phonemes | |+ Hammadhi consonant phonemes | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | | ||
| Line 165: | Line 165: | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif" | |||
|+ Hammadhi vowel phonemes | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" |Short | |||
! colspan="2" |Long | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
![[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
![[w:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
![[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- style="text-align: center;" | |||
![[w:Close vowel|Close]] | |||
| بِ i | |||
| بُ u | |||
| بِي ''ī'' iː | |||
| بُو ''ū'' uː | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | |||
| e | |||
| o | |||
| ''ē'' eː | |||
| ''ō'' oː | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Open vowel|Open]] | |||
| colspan="2" | بَ a | |||
| colspan="2" | بَا ''ā'' aː | |||
|- | |||
!Diphthongs | |||
| colspan="4" | بَوْ ''au'' aw; بَيْ ''ai'' aj | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
<!-- ***Phonology*** --> | |||
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --> | |||
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories: | |||
Vowel inventory | |||
Consonant inventory | |||
Syllable structure | |||
Stress | |||
Intonation | |||
--> | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
| Line 172: | Line 212: | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
Revision as of 10:27, 8 March 2024
Hammadhi (native: حمّاذي /ħamːaːðiː/) is an Indo-Aryan language.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Postalveolar | Alveolar/ Palatal | Velar/ Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | م m | ن n | ڃ ñ ɲ | ڬ ŋ | |||||
| Stop | voiceless | پ p | ت t t̪ | ٿ t t | ك k | ء ʔ | |||
| voiced | ب b | د d d̪ | ڐ d d | ڭ ɡ | |||||
| emphatic | ڀ ṗ pˁ | ط ṭ t̪ˁ | ق q | ||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | چ č tʃ | |||||||
| voiced | ج j dʒ | ||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | ف f | ث θ | س s | ش š ʃ | خ x χ | ح ḥ ħ | هـ h | |
| voiced | ذ ð | ز z | غ ğ ʁ | ع ʕ | |||||
| emphatic | ص ṣ sˁ | ||||||||
| Trill | ر r | ||||||||
| Approximant | ل l | ي y j | و w | ||||||
Comments:
¹ Dental stops are laminal, while alveolar stops are apical.
Vowels
| Short | Long | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Back | |
| Close | بِ i | بُ u | بِي ī iː | بُو ū uː |
| Mid | e | o | ē eː | ō oː |
| Open | بَ a | بَا ā aː | ||
| Diphthongs | بَوْ au aw; بَيْ ai aj | |||
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
| Person | Number | Familiarity | Direct | Oblique | Possessive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | S | Informal | عوڬ ʕauŋ | مي mē | مج maj |
| Formal | هم ham | همان hamān | |||
| P | Informal | ||||
| Formal | بيڬ bēŋ | نو nō | نون nōn | ||
| 2 | S | Informal | پوڬ pauŋ | تي tē | تج tuj |
| Formal | چم čum | چمان čumān | |||
| P | Informal | ||||
| Formal | چوڬ čūŋ | بو bō | بون bōn | ||
| 3 | S | Informal | إيڬ ʔēŋ | نين nēn | أچ ʔač |
| Formal | إيح ʔēħ | إيحان ʔēħān | |||
| P | Informal | ||||
| Formal | إم ʔim | جو jō | جون jōn | ||
Numerals
| # | Cardinal | Ordinal | Fractional |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | حڃ ħuññ | ||
| 1 | إك ʔekk | پشم pašam | ڀن ṗunn |
| 2 | بي bē | بيجم bījjam | هڐا haddā |
| 3 | ٿي tē | ٿيجم tījjam | ٿبا tibā |
| 4 | صوار ṣawār | صوارم ṣawāram | صوٿ ṣaut |
| 5 | ڀنڐ ṗand | ڀنڐم ṗandam | ڀنڐم ṗandam |
| 6 | ٿٿ tatt | ٿٿم tattam | ٿٿم tattam |
| 7 | حت ħatt | حتم ħattam | حتم ħattam |
| 8 | هٿ hatt | هٿم hattam | هٿم hattam |
| 9 | نو naww | نوم nawwam | نوم nawwam |
| 10 | دح daħ | دحم daħam | دحم daħam |
| 11 | ياذح yāðaħ | ||
| 12 | بيذح bēðaħ | ||
| 13 | ٿيذح tēðaħ | ||
| 14 | صوڐح ṣaudaħ | ||
| 15 | ڀنڐح ṗandaħ | ||
| 16 | حولح ħōlaħ | ||
| 17 | حذح ħaððaħ | ||
| 18 | هٿاذح hattāðaħ | ||
| 19 | نوذح nōðaħ | ||
| 20 | بيح bīħ | ||
| 21 | بيحا إك bīħā ʔekk | ||
| 30 | ٿيح tīħ | ||
| 40 | صواريح ṣawārīħ | ||
| 50 | ڀنڐيح ṗandīħ | ||
| 6 | ٿٿيح tattīħ | ٿٿيحم tattīħam | ٿٿيحم tattīħam |
| 7 | حتيح ħattīħ | حتيحم ħattīħam | حتيحم ħattīħam |
| 8 | هٿيح hattīħ | هٿيحم hattīħam | هٿيحم hattīħam |
| 9 | نويح nawwīħ | نويحم nawwīħam | نويحم nawwīħam |
| 100 | حا ħā | ||
| 101 | حا إك ħā ʔekk | ||
| 200 | بي حا bē ħā | ||
| 1000 | لك lakk |