Adamic Code: Difference between revisions

Line 212:

**** /s/ may be realized as [ʃ] or [ɕ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].

**** /z/ may be realized as [ʒ] or [ʑ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].

** /p, b, (pˀ), (bˀ), n, m, f, v/, part of the KUHS-type, is a major subgroup composed by plosive labials, (quasi-implosive emphatics), nasal dentals/labials, and fricative labio-dentals.

** /p, b, (pˀ), (bˀ), n̥, m, f, v/, part of the KUHS-type, is a major subgroup composed by plosive labials, (quasi-implosive emphatics), nasal dentals/labials, and fricative labio-dentals.

*** /p, b/, part of the KU-type, represent the labial series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /p/ may be realized as '''[...]''' before front vowels.

Line 223:

**** /m/ ranges from [m̥], [m], and [ɱ̥] to [ɱ]; its Canonic allophone is [bʷ].

*** /f, v/, part of the SU-type, are innovations, not descending from older paleolithic codes.

**** /f/ may be realized as [ɸ] or even [β]; its Canonic allophone is [pʲ].

**** /f/ may be realized as [w̥], [ɸ], or even [θ]; its Canonic allophone is [pʲ].

**** /v/ may be realized as [θ] or even [ð]; its Canonic allophone is [bʲ].

**** /v/ may be realized as [w], [β], or even [ð]; its Canonic allophone is [bʲ].

[...]

** /k, g, (kˀ), (gˀ), h, ɦ, s, z/, part of the KIHS-type, is a major subgroup composed by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.

** /t, d, (tˀ), (dˀ), l̥, r, t͡s, ʔ/, part of the KIHS-type, is a major subgroup composed by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.

*** /k, g/, part of the KI-type, represent the ~~velar~~ series of older paleolithic codes.

*** /t, d/, part of the KA-type, represent the dental series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /k/ may be realized as [t͡ʃ] before front vowels.

**** /t/ may be realized as [t͡ʃ] or even [t͡ɕ] before front vowels.

**** /g/ may be realized as [d͡ʒ] before front vowels.

**** /d/ may be realized as [d͡ʒ] or even [d͡ʑ] before front vowels.

*** /(kˀ), (gˀ)/ are also considered part of the KI-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.

*** /(tˀ), (dˀ)/ are also considered part of the KA-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.

**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [t͡ʃʼ] or [~~t͡ʃʰ~~] before front vowels.

**** /tˀ/ may be realized as [tʼ] or [tʰ], or even as [t͡ʃʼ], [t͡ʃʰ], [t͡ɕʼ], or [t͡ɕʰ] before front vowels.

**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [d͡ʒʱ] before front vowels.

**** /dˀ/ may be realized as [ɗ] or [dʱ], or even as [d͡ʒʱ] or [d͡ʑʱ] before front vowels.

*** /h, ɦ/, part of the HI-type, act as reductions of the ~~laryngeal~~ series of older paleolithic codes.

*** /l̥, r/, part of the HA-type, act as reductions of the liquid series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /h/ ranges from [h], [ħ], and [χ] to [x]; its Canonic allophone is [kʷ].

**** /l̥/ ranges from [l̥], [l], [ɬ], [ɮ], and [ʎ̥] to [ʎ]; its Canonic allophone is [tʷ].

**** /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ]; its Canonic allophone is [gʷ].

**** /r/ ranges from [r̥], [r], [ɾ̥], [ɾ], and [ɹ̥] to [ɹ] ; its Canonic allophone is [dʷ].

*** /s, z/, part of the SI-type, descend from ~~the sibilant series of~~ older paleolithic codes.

*** /t͡s, ʔ/, part of the SA-type, descend partially from older paleolithic codes in the form of /t͡s/, yet innovative with /ʔ/.

**** /s/ may be realized as [ʃ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].

**** /t͡s/ may be realized as [...] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [tʲ].

**** /z/ may be realized as [ʒ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].

**** /z/ may be realized as [...] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [dʲ].

===Vowels===

@@ Line 212: / Line 212: @@
 **** /s/ may be realized as [ʃ] or [ɕ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].
 **** /z/ may be realized as [ʒ] or [ʑ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].
-** /p, b, (pˀ), (bˀ), n, m, f, v/, part of the KUHS-type, is a major subgroup composed  by plosive labials, (quasi-implosive emphatics), nasal dentals/labials, and fricative labio-dentals.
+** /p, b, (pˀ), (bˀ), n̥, m, f, v/, part of the KUHS-type, is a major subgroup composed  by plosive labials, (quasi-implosive emphatics), nasal dentals/labials, and fricative labio-dentals.
 *** /p, b/, part of the KU-type, represent the labial series of older paleolithic codes.
 **** /p/ may be realized as '''[...]''' before front vowels.
@@ Line 223: / Line 223: @@
 **** /m/ ranges from [m̥], [m], and [ɱ̥] to [ɱ]; its Canonic allophone is [bʷ].
 *** /f, v/, part of the SU-type, are innovations, not descending from older paleolithic codes.
-**** /f/ may be realized as [ɸ] or even [β]; its Canonic allophone is [pʲ].
+**** /f/ may be realized as [w̥], [ɸ], or even [θ]; its Canonic allophone is [pʲ].
-**** /v/ may be realized as [θ] or even [ð]; its Canonic allophone is [bʲ].
+**** /v/ may be realized as [w], [β], or even [ð]; its Canonic allophone is [bʲ].
 [...]
-** /k, g, (kˀ), (gˀ), h, ɦ, s, z/, part of the KIHS-type, is a major subgroup composed  by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.
+** /t, d, (tˀ), (dˀ), l̥, r, t͡s, ʔ/, part of the KIHS-type, is a major subgroup composed  by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.
-*** /k, g/, part of the KI-type, represent the velar series of older paleolithic codes.
+*** /t, d/, part of the KA-type, represent the dental series of older paleolithic codes.
-**** /k/ may be realized as [t͡ʃ] before front vowels.
+**** /t/ may be realized as [t͡ʃ] or even [t͡ɕ] before front vowels.
-**** /g/ may be realized as [d͡ʒ] before front vowels.
+**** /d/ may be realized as [d͡ʒ] or even [d͡ʑ] before front vowels.
-*** /(kˀ), (gˀ)/ are also considered part of the KI-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.
+*** /(tˀ), (dˀ)/ are also considered part of the KA-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.
-**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [t͡ʃʼ] or [t͡ʃʰ] before front vowels.
+**** /tˀ/ may be realized as [tʼ] or [tʰ], or even as [t͡ʃʼ], [t͡ʃʰ], [t͡ɕʼ], or [t͡ɕʰ] before front vowels.
-**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [d͡ʒʱ] before front vowels.
+**** /dˀ/ may be realized as [ɗ] or [dʱ], or even as [d͡ʒʱ] or [d͡ʑʱ] before front vowels.
-*** /h, ɦ/, part of the HI-type, act as reductions of the laryngeal series of older paleolithic codes.
+*** /l̥, r/, part of the HA-type, act as reductions of the liquid series of older paleolithic codes.
-**** /h/ ranges from [h], [ħ], and [χ] to [x]; its Canonic allophone is [kʷ].
+**** /l̥/ ranges from [l̥], [l], [ɬ], [ɮ], and [ʎ̥] to [ʎ]; its Canonic allophone is [tʷ].
-**** /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ]; its Canonic allophone is [gʷ].
+**** /r/ ranges from [r̥], [r], [ɾ̥], [ɾ], and [ɹ̥] to [ɹ] ; its Canonic allophone is [dʷ].
-*** /s, z/, part of the SI-type, descend from the sibilant series of older paleolithic codes.
+*** /t͡s, ʔ/, part of the SA-type, descend partially from older paleolithic codes in the form of /t͡s/, yet innovative with /ʔ/.
-**** /s/ may be realized as [ʃ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].
+**** /t͡s/ may be realized as [...] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [tʲ].
-**** /z/ may be realized as [ʒ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].
+**** /z/ may be realized as [...] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [dʲ].
 ===Vowels===