Jugsnorsk: Difference between revisions

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[[w:umlaut|Umlaut]] is a kind of [[w:nonconcatenative morphology|nonconcatenative morphology]] defined by alternations in the stressed vowel.

~~All noun patterns exhibit umlaut, but some vowels are unaffected by certain kinds. Some of these have been "corrected" through regularization in Húsnorsk, though~~ a ~~lot~~ of ~~these are a result of false correlation~~, ~~not actual correction. As with~~ Old Norse ~~"ríkjum" (dative plural~~ of ~~"ríki") becoming "rýkjum" through~~ the ~~dative plural getting~~ analogized to ~~have u~~-~~umlaut in all nominal patterns~~.

Umlaut was a pervasive feature of Old Norse, especially Old West Norse, appearing in almost every aspect of the language, but it is noticeably absent from Húsnorsk, having been fully analogized out, this greatly simplifies the language's morphology, but leads to many mergers, largely between different forms of a word (see the neuter a-stem nom/acc singular and plural, eg. ''mó'' and ''mó'').

~~The general rules for Nordic umlaut are decently simple, going as follows:~~

~~:U-umlaut rounds unround vowels (/i, e, ɛ, a/ > /y, ø, ø, ɔ/) and raises round vowels (/o/ > /u/).~~

~~:I-umlaut raises unround vowels (/e, ɛ, a/ > /i, e, ɛ/) and fronts round vowels (/u, o/ > /y, ø/)~~

~~:A-umlaut lowers high vowels (/i, u/ > /e, o/)~~

~~Some words exhibit both u-umlaut ''and'' i-umlaut, as with Proto-Germanic *garwijaną > Old Norse ''gøra''.~~

===Nouns===

Húsnorsk, as with most other Germanic languages, has a distinction between strong and weak stem types. These types are divided into classes based on gender and ending, the ending is typically determined by the form in [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]], which occasionally leads to potentially confusing stem names, such as "strong ō-stem" nouns, which now have a null ending, where Proto-Germanic had *-ō. The historic Proto-Germanic ending is what determines the modern umlaut patterns, due to this the stem name can help you figure out the type of umlaut the noun has, though, sometimes confusingly, a noun may exhibit a different kind of umlaut in some forms (see the strong u-stems).

@@ Line 397: / Line 397: @@
 [[w:umlaut|Umlaut]] is a kind of [[w:nonconcatenative morphology|nonconcatenative morphology]] defined by alternations in the stressed vowel.
-All noun patterns exhibit umlaut, but some vowels are unaffected by certain kinds. Some of these have been "corrected" through regularization in Húsnorsk, though a lot of these are a result of false correlation, not actual correction. As with Old Norse "ríkjum" (dative plural of "ríki") becoming "rýkjum" through the dative plural getting analogized to have u-umlaut in all nominal patterns.
+Umlaut was a pervasive feature of Old Norse, especially Old West Norse, appearing in almost every aspect of the language, but it is noticeably absent from Húsnorsk, having been fully analogized out, this greatly simplifies the language's morphology, but leads to many mergers, largely between different forms of a word (see the neuter a-stem nom/acc singular and plural, eg. ''mó'' and ''mó'').
-The general rules for Nordic umlaut are decently simple, going as follows:
-:U-umlaut rounds unround vowels (/i, e, ɛ, a/ > /y, ø, ø, ɔ/) and raises round vowels (/o/ > /u/).
-:I-umlaut raises unround vowels (/e, ɛ, a/ > /i, e, ɛ/) and fronts round vowels (/u, o/ > /y, ø/)
-:A-umlaut lowers high vowels (/i, u/ > /e, o/)
-Some words exhibit both u-umlaut ''and'' i-umlaut, as with Proto-Germanic *garwijaną > Old Norse ''gøra''.
 ===Nouns===
 Húsnorsk, as with most other Germanic languages, has a distinction between strong and weak stem types. These types are divided into classes based on gender and ending, the ending is typically determined by the form in [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]], which occasionally leads to potentially confusing stem names, such as "strong ō-stem" nouns, which now have a null ending, where Proto-Germanic had *-ō. The historic Proto-Germanic ending is what determines the modern umlaut patterns, due to this the stem name can help you figure out the type of umlaut the noun has, though, sometimes confusingly, a noun may exhibit a different kind of umlaut in some forms (see the strong u-stems).