Valthungian/Rules: Difference between revisions
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'''Stage 1.''' | '''Stage 1.''' | ||
<big>e | <big> | ||
e > i / V[+str] … __[-str] ! {r,h⁽ʷ⁾,+ | |||
</big> | |||
''/e/ | ''/e/ > /i/ when unstressed following a stressed vowel except before /r/, /h/, /hʷ/, or a morpheme boundary.'' | ||
'''Stage 2.''' | '''Stage 2.''' | ||
<big>e | <big> | ||
e > i / __[+str] ! {r,h⁽ʷ⁾,+ | |||
</big> | |||
''/e/ | ''/e/ > /i/ when stressed except before /r/, /h/, /hʷ/, or a morpheme boundary.'' | ||
(Stage 3: See EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut.) | (Stage 3: See EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut.) | ||
===ŋ-Deletion=== | ===/ŋ/-Deletion=== | ||
'''Vŋh | '''Vŋh > V[+lng, +nas]Øh''' | ||
''A vowel, followed by the sequence /ŋh/ (where /h/=[h,x]), becomes long and nasal and /ŋ/ is deleted (in all environments).'' | ''A vowel, followed by the sequence /ŋh/ (where /h/=[h,x]), becomes long and nasal and /ŋ/ is deleted (in all environments).'' | ||
===Intervocalic Spirantization=== | ===Intervocalic Spirantization=== | ||
<big> | |||
C[+vce,-cnt] > [+cnt] / V__V | |||
</big> | |||
In other words, | |||
<big> | |||
b,d,g > β,ð,γ / V__V | |||
</big> | |||
''A voiced non-continuant consonant (i.e. a voiced stop) becomes continuant (i.e. a fricative) when intervocalic.'' | |||
===EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut=== | ===EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut=== | ||
''This rule is really "Stage 3" of First Umlaut, also called East Germanic Expansion of First Umlaut'' | |||
<big> | |||
i,u > e,o / __[+str]{r,h⁽ʷ⁾ | |||
</big> | |||
''/i/ becomes /e/ and /u/ becomes /o/ when stressed before /r/, /h/, or /hʷ/'' | |||
===Monophthongization of Unstressed /ai, au/=== | |||
''Has to precede Mora Loss'' | |||
<big> | |||
ai,au > ɛ̄,ɔ̄ / σ[-str]__[-str]C<sub>o</sub># | |||
</big> | |||
===Mora Loss=== | ===Mora Loss=== | ||
Revision as of 19:29, 29 October 2016
Historical Sound Changes from Proto-Germanic to East Germanic (ca. 400b.c.-0)
First Umlaut
Has to precede Mora Loss
Has to precede ŋ-deletion
Stage 1.
e > i / V[+str] … __[-str] ! {r,h⁽ʷ⁾,+
/e/ > /i/ when unstressed following a stressed vowel except before /r/, /h/, /hʷ/, or a morpheme boundary.
Stage 2.
e > i / __[+str] ! {r,h⁽ʷ⁾,+
/e/ > /i/ when stressed except before /r/, /h/, /hʷ/, or a morpheme boundary.
(Stage 3: See EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut.)
/ŋ/-Deletion
Vŋh > V[+lng, +nas]Øh
A vowel, followed by the sequence /ŋh/ (where /h/=[h,x]), becomes long and nasal and /ŋ/ is deleted (in all environments).
Intervocalic Spirantization
C[+vce,-cnt] > [+cnt] / V__V
In other words,
b,d,g > β,ð,γ / V__V
A voiced non-continuant consonant (i.e. a voiced stop) becomes continuant (i.e. a fricative) when intervocalic.
EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut
This rule is really "Stage 3" of First Umlaut, also called East Germanic Expansion of First Umlaut
i,u > e,o / __[+str]{r,h⁽ʷ⁾
/i/ becomes /e/ and /u/ becomes /o/ when stressed before /r/, /h/, or /hʷ/
Monophthongization of Unstressed /ai, au/
Has to precede Mora Loss
ai,au > ɛ̄,ɔ̄ / σ[-str]__[-str]Co#
Mora Loss
Coronal Consonant Deletion
Unstr. Final Short Vowel Deletion
Final Unstr. Long Vowel Shortening
Historical Sound Changes from East-Germanic to Gothic (ca. 0-400a.d.)
[these changes still need to be ordered correctly]