Valthungian/Rules: Difference between revisions
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===z-Deletion, Obstruent Devoicing=== | ===z-Deletion, Obstruent Devoicing=== | ||
z → ∅ / V[-lng]{r,s}___# | |||
/z/ is deleted word-finally after a short vowel followed by /r/ or /s/. | |||
E.g. *''weraz'' ‘man’, *''drusaz'' ‘fall’ → /wirz/, /drusz/ → ''waír'', ''drus'' → ''wer'', ''drus''. | |||
===h-Deletion=== | ===h-Deletion=== | ||
===Long Vowel Lowering=== | ===Long Vowel Lowering=== | ||
Revision as of 14:50, 28 November 2016
Historical Sound Changes from Proto-Germanic to East Germanic (ca. 400b.c.-0)
First Umlaut
Has to precede Mora Loss
Has to precede ŋ-deletion
Stage 1.
e > i / V[+str] … __[-str] ! {r,h⁽ʷ⁾,+
/e/ > /i/ when unstressed following a stressed vowel except before /r/, /h/, /hʷ/, or a morpheme boundary.
Stage 2.
e > i / __[+str] ! {r,h⁽ʷ⁾,+
/e/ > /i/ when stressed except before /r/, /h/, /hʷ/, or a morpheme boundary.
(Stage 3: See EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut.)
/ŋ/-Deletion
Vŋh > V[+lng, +nas]Øh
A vowel, followed by the sequence /ŋh/ (where /h/=[h,x]), becomes long and nasal and /ŋ/ is deleted (in all environments).
Intervocalic Spirantization
C[+vce,-cnt] > [+cnt] / V__V
In other words,
b,d,g > β,ð,γ / V__V
A voiced non-continuant consonant (i.e. a voiced stop) becomes continuant (i.e. a fricative) when intervocalic.
EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut
This rule is really "Stage 3" of First Umlaut, also called East Germanic Expansion of First Umlaut
i,u > e,o / __[+str]{r,h⁽ʷ⁾
/i/ becomes /e/ and /u/ becomes /o/ when stressed before /r/, /h/, or /hʷ/
Monophthongization of Unstressed /ai, au/
Has to precede Mora Loss
ai,au > ɛ̄,ɔ̄ / σ[-str]__[-str]Co#
Mora Loss
Coronal Consonant Deletion
Unstr. Final Short Vowel Deletion
Final Unstr. Long Vowel Shortening
Historical Sound Changes from East-Germanic to Gothic (ca. 0-400a.d.)
[these changes still need to be ordered correctly]
z-Deletion, Obstruent Devoicing
z → ∅ / V[-lng]{r,s}___#
/z/ is deleted word-finally after a short vowel followed by /r/ or /s/.
E.g. *weraz ‘man’, *drusaz ‘fall’ → /wirz/, /drusz/ → waír, drus → wer, drus.