User:Waahlis/Sketches: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 11:16, 16 April 2013
On the Syntax and Topic of Tsan
1. Dynamic and Stative verbals
Árá gáari. | Árá ágáari. | Árá ságáari. | |||||||||||||
/áɣa cáːɣɪ/ | /áɣa acáːɣɪ/ | /áɣa sacáːɣɪ/ | |||||||||||||
á- | rá | gáar | -i | á- | rá | á- | gáar | -i | á- | rá | sá- | gáar | -i | ||
dyn.pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | read | .stat.rel.3.n.sg |
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dyn.pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | dyn.pres.perf.1.m.sg. | read | .rel |
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dyn.pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | dyn.pres.perf.2.m.sg. | read | .rel |
I like the book. | I like when I read. (I like to read) | I like when you read. |
2. The Topic
Árás gáari. | Árá gáaris. | Árátsa gáaris | |||||||||||||||
/áɣa cáːɣɪs/ | /áɣas cáːɣɪ/ | /áɣatsa cáːɣɪs/ | |||||||||||||||
á- | rá | -s | gáar | -i | á- | rá | gáar | -i- | -s | á- | rá | -tsa | gáar | -i | -s | ||
pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | topic | read | .stat.rel.3.n.sg |
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pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | read | .stat.rel.3.n.sg | topic |
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pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | neg. | read | .stat.rel.3.n.sg | topic |
As for me, I like the book. | I like the BOOK.1 | I DON'T like the book. |
- In English, one would stress the subject in the second sentence, I, but the book would still be the topic: "I don't like the book, but you do".
2.1 The Topic and Passivisation
Éshis thagátsan yéenínayih. | Éshi thagátsan yéenínayis. | |||||||||||||||||
/ɛ́ɕɪs θaqát͡san jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪh/ | /lɛ́ɕɪ θaqát͡san jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪs/ | |||||||||||||||||
esh | -i- | -s | ‹tha› | gátsa | ‹n› | ‹yée› | nína | ‹yih› | esh | -i | ‹tha› | gátsa | ‹n› | ‹yée› | nína | ‹yis› | ||
bark | .rel.3.n.sg | topic | ‹past.perf.3.n.s› | bite | ‹past.perf.3.n.s› | ‹.rel.3.f.s› | be girly | ‹.rel.3.f.s› | bark | .rel.3.n.sg | ‹past.perf.3.n.s› | bite | ‹past.perf.3.n.s› | ‹.rel.3.f.s› | be girly | ‹.rel.3.f.s + topic› | ||
The DOG bit the girl. | The dog bit the GIRL. or The GIRL was bitten by the dog |
2.2 The Topic, Passivisation and Incorporation
Tha'éshigátsan yéenínayis. | Thagátsan yéenínayis. | |||||||||||||||
/θaʔɛ́ɕɪqát͡san jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪh/ | /θaqát͡san jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪs/ | |||||||||||||||
‹tha› | -'- | -esh- | -i- | gátsa | ‹n› | ‹yée› | nína | ‹yis› | ‹tha› | gátsa | ‹n› | ‹yée› | nína | ‹yis› | ||
‹past.perf.3.n.s› | con | bark | .rel.3.n.sg.con | bite | ‹past.perf.3.n.s› | ‹.rel.3.f.s› | be girly | ‹.rel.3.f.s› | ‹past.perf.3.n.s› | bite | ‹past.perf.3.n.s› | ‹.rel.3.f.s› | be girly | ‹.rel.3.f.s + topic› | ||
The GIRL was dog-bitten. | The GIRL was bitten. |