Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions

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 * ''męlike'' “to give”: ''mimęñ- ''

* ''milke'' “to take”: ''mūṃchl-''.

====The necessitative mood====

The necessitative mood is formed and conjugates much like the desiderative; it uses a stem formed by reduplication and adding '''-asya-''', with normal saṃdhi changes.

Examples:

* ''peithake'' “to go (multid.)”, → ''pepeithasya-''

* ''khlunāke'' “to search, look for” → ''kukhlūvsya-''

 * ''nilyake'' “to think” → ''ninelyasya-''

* ''valde'' “to open” → ''vuldasya-''

====The potential mood====

The potential mood also conjugates in all tenses and aspects and has a stem formed with initial reduplication. It is formed by adding '''-(e)nā-''' to the root and behaves as a fourth conjugation verb, adding an epenthetic -n before vocalic endings. Note that ''-r-nā-'' (like e.g. in all ''-ora-'' verbs) becomes '''-rṇā-''' due to saṃdhi.

Examples: ''peithake'' → ''pepeithnā-'' ; ''gṇyauke'' → ''gagṇyaunā-'' ; ''nilyake'' → ''ninelyenā-''.

A special case of saṃdhi occurs in roots which end in a single '''-g''' or '''-k''': this consonant becomes '''-gh''' and the '''-n''' in the suffix becomes retroflex, e.g. ''mūmikke'' "to dance", root ''mūmik-'' > ''mumūmighṇā-'' ; ''dilge'' “to pour", root ''dig-'' > ''dideghṇā-''.

====The permissive mood====

The permissive mood also conjugates in all tenses and aspects and is formed, without reduplication, by adding '''-ippu-''' before consonantal endings and '''-īpr-''' before vocalic ones.

Examples: ''mišake'' → ''mišippu-'' > ''mišipru'' "I am allowed to see", ''mišippum'' “I was allowed to see”.

Bisyllabic roots which have as their second syllable an unstressed vowel between two consonants that may form an allowed cluster (thus sonorant-vowel-stop/fricative, except ''-m-velar'') lose this vowel while adding the suffix, e.g. ''hañilke'' > ''halñippu-'' ('''-ñl-''' → '''-lñ-''' is a fairly regular saṃdhi change).

====The verb "to be" (gyake)====

@@ Line 944: / Line 944: @@
  * ''męlike'' “to give”: ''mimęñ- ''
 * ''milke'' “to take”: ''mūṃchl-''.
+====The necessitative mood====
+The necessitative mood is formed and conjugates much like the desiderative; it uses a stem formed by reduplication and adding '''-asya-''', with normal saṃdhi changes.
+Examples:
+* ''peithake'' “to go (multid.)”, → ''pepeithasya-''
+* ''khlunāke'' “to search, look for” → ''kukhlūvsya-''
+ * ''nilyake'' “to think” → ''ninelyasya-''
+* ''valde'' “to open” → ''vuldasya-''
+====The potential mood====
+The potential mood also conjugates in all tenses and aspects and has a stem formed with initial reduplication. It is formed by adding '''-(e)nā-''' to the root and behaves as a fourth conjugation verb, adding an epenthetic -n before vocalic endings. Note that ''-r-nā-'' (like e.g. in all ''-ora-'' verbs) becomes '''-rṇā-''' due to saṃdhi.
+Examples: ''peithake'' → ''pepeithnā-'' ; ''gṇyauke'' → ''gagṇyaunā-'' ; ''nilyake'' → ''ninelyenā-''.
+A special case of saṃdhi occurs in roots which end in a single '''-g''' or '''-k''': this consonant becomes '''-gh''' and the '''-n''' in the suffix becomes retroflex, e.g. ''mūmikke'' "to dance", root ''mūmik-'' > ''mumūmighṇā-'' ; ''dilge'' “to pour", root ''dig-'' > ''dideghṇā-''.
+====The permissive mood====
+The permissive mood also conjugates in all tenses and aspects and is formed, without reduplication, by adding '''-ippu-''' before consonantal endings and '''-īpr-''' before vocalic ones.
+Examples: ''mišake'' → ''mišippu-'' > ''mišipru'' "I am allowed to see", ''mišippum'' “I was allowed to see”.
+Bisyllabic roots which have as their second syllable an unstressed vowel between two consonants that may form an allowed cluster (thus sonorant-vowel-stop/fricative, except ''-m-velar'') lose this vowel while adding the suffix, e.g. ''hañilke'' > ''halñippu-'' ('''-ñl-''' → '''-lñ-''' is a fairly regular saṃdhi change).
 ====The verb "to be" (gyake)====