Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions
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====Stative cases as nominal tense==== | ====Stative cases as nominal tense==== | ||
The three stative cases of Chlouvānem (translative, exessive, essive) express nominal tense in certain situations, most notably in copulative sentence, where the translative case conveys a future meaning and the exessive a past one: | The three stative cases of Chlouvānem (translative, exessive, essive) express nominal tense in certain situations, most notably in copulative sentence, where the translative case conveys a future meaning and the exessive a past one: | ||
* ''lili rahėllilan'' I am a will-be-doctor = I am studying in order to become a doctor | * ''lili rahėllilan'' — I am a will-be-doctor = I am studying in order to become a doctor | ||
* ''liliā kaleya mæn gu ninejñairau ša nanū aveṣyotāran lallāmahan camimurkadhānan gyirāsi'' as for my best friend<ref>''kaleya'' actually is a "spiritual friend", which has a religiously charged meaning</ref>, I could not believe it, that she was the Great Inquisitor-elect <small>(note the use of the highly respectful (not translated) formula "Her Most Excellent Highness, the Great Inquisitor")</small>. | * ''liliā kaleya mæn gu ninejñairau ša nanū aveṣyotāran lallāmahan camimurkadhānan gyirāsi'' — as for my best friend<ref>''kaleya'' actually is a "spiritual friend", which has a religiously charged meaning</ref>, I could not believe it, that she was the Great Inquisitor-elect <small>(note the use of the highly respectful (not translated) formula "Her Most Excellent Highness, the Great Inquisitor")</small>. | ||
* ''tami tamiāt šulañšenat'' he is her former husband. | * ''tami tamiāt šulañšenat'' — he is her former husband. | ||
The expression of tense is also notable when the expression of state refers to a cause; this is particularly common with the exessive and essive cases: | The expression of tense is also notable when the expression of state refers to a cause; this is particularly common with the exessive and essive cases: | ||
* ''saminat tamiā hañiliritь'' having been a child <small>(lit. "as a former child", "from being a child")</small>, (s)he remembers that. | * ''saminat tamiā hañiliritь'' — having been a child <small>(lit. "as a former child", "from being a child")</small>, (s)he remembers that. | ||
* ''lūlunimartyęs nunūt dældāt tarliru'' being from Lūlunimarta, I understand that language. | * ''lūlunimartyęs nunūt dældāt tarliru'' — being from Lūlunimarta, I understand that language. | ||
* ''buinān saminye pa maišaxhātça'' as he's going to be a father <small>(lit. "as a will-be-father")</small>, he's learning about children. | * ''buinān saminye pa maišaxhātça'' — as he's going to be a father <small>(lit. "as a will-be-father")</small>, he's learning about children. | ||
Note that, like for participles, tense is relative to the main verb. | Note that, like for participles, tense is relative to the main verb. | ||