Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions
| Line 619: | Line 619: | ||
Monodirectional verbs are used when there's movement in a single direction, or when the destination is the focus of the verb: | Monodirectional verbs are used when there's movement in a single direction, or when the destination is the focus of the verb: | ||
: ''jāyim tarlāmahui fliven'' - the girl walks to school. | |||
: ''keikui vasau'' - I went to the park [using a vehicle]. | |||
: ''liliā ñæltai kitui jaje janāyų iliha'' - my sisters have swum home in the igarapé from the port. | |||
This last example shows all three cases used for location complements: dative (in lative use) for directions (= ''tarlāmahui'', ''keikui'', ''kitui''), locative for where the action takes place (''jaje''), and ablative for origins (''janāyų''). | This last example shows all three cases used for location complements: dative (in lative use) for directions (= ''tarlāmahui'', ''keikui'', ''kitui''), locative for where the action takes place (''jaje''), and ablative for origins (''janāyų''). | ||
Multidirectional verbs have different uses: | Multidirectional verbs have different uses: | ||
* Generic or habitual actions: | * Generic or habitual actions: | ||
:: ''jāyim tarlāmahui peithė'' - the girl regularly walks to school. | |||
:: ''saminą liliā ñæltai jaje lærṣāli'' - when they were children, my sisters regularly swam in the igarapé. | |||
* Movement inside a specific location (in locative case, or expressed through locative trigger voice), without any specified direction: | * Movement inside a specific location (in locative case, or expressed through locative trigger voice), without any specified direction: | ||
:: ''marte peithamui'' - we walk around the city. | |||
:: ''jaja lærṣėpan'' - as for the igarapé, someone is swimming in there. | |||
* Gnomic or potential meanings: | * Gnomic or potential meanings: | ||
:: ''gūṇai mordhęn'' - birds [can] fly. | |||
:: ''spragnyæh lalāruṇai pāmveh lilu en nanū dårbhyątça'' - large lalāruṇai can carry more than three people. | |||
* (in the past or perfect) completed movements: movement to a place and then returning back. | * (in the past or perfect) completed movements: movement to a place and then returning back. | ||
:: ''liliā buneya galiākinui mordhitь'' - my older sister went to Galiākina by plane [and came back]. | |||
:: ''liliā buneya galiākinui mudhitь'' - my older sister went to Galiākina by plane [but she's still there {or at least she was at the time relevant to the topic}]. | |||
Except for this last meaning, multidirectional verbs are never used in the perfect.<br/> | Except for this last meaning, multidirectional verbs are never used in the perfect.<br/> | ||
In auxiliary constructions, monodirectional verbs are never used as habituals (infinitive + ''ñeaʔake''), while multidirectional ones are never used as progressives (p.part + ''gyake''): | In auxiliary constructions, monodirectional verbs are never used as habituals (infinitive + ''ñeaʔake''), while multidirectional ones are never used as progressives (p.part + ''gyake''): | ||
: ''liliā buneya galiākinui mordhake ñeaʔitь'' - my older sister regularly went to Galiākina by plane. | |||
: ''liliā buneya galiākinui mugdhyąça mitь'' - my older sister was flying to Galiākina. | |||
====Origin prefixes==== | ====Origin prefixes==== | ||