Solerian: Difference between revisions

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! style="width: 68px; " |Labio-velar
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! style="width: 68px; " |''Lateral''
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Revision as of 21:21, 1 June 2013


Solerian
Soleя
Soler.png
Pronunciation[/solˈeɹ/]
Created byNewrhotic
Native speakersNone (2013)
Sourcesa priori
Language codes
ISO 639-3-
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Soleя, /solˈeɹ/, (romanized as Soler) or Solerian is a highly alveolarized language, with a moderately large consonant inventory, and 15 grammatical cases. It is spoken by no one as it is still under construction and, for the same reasons, it has no native speakers. Its origin traces back to January 2013 and it still has a long way to go. Its bigger peculiarity might be the presence of speech function markers (statement/question/command/offer/irony) realized by click consonants.

Overview

Gender Cases Numbers Tenses Persons Moods Voices Aspects
Verb No No No Yes No No Yes Yes
Nouns Yes No Yes No No No No No
Adjectives No No No No No No No No
Numbers No No No No No No No No
Participles No No No No No No No No
Adverb No No No No No No No No
Pronouns Yes No Yes No Yes No No No
Adpositions No No No No No No No No
Article Yes No No No Yes No No No
Particle No Yes No No No Yes No No


Phonology

Consonants and semi-vowels

Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Labio-velar Lateral
Nasal m n ɲ
Plosive p · b t · d k · g
Fricative f θ s ʃ ʝ χ
Approximant ɹ j w
Trill r ʀ
Flap or tap ɾ
Lateral app. l
Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ

Phonetic notes

The phonemes /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are realized as approximants (namely [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞], hereafter represented without the undertack) or fricatives in all places except after a pause, after a nasal consonant, or —in the case of /d/— after a lateral consonant; in such contexts they are realized as voiced stops.

The phoneme /n/ is realized as a voiced velar nasal [ŋ] before velar /k/, /g/ or uvular /χ/, /ʀ/.

Vowels

Short vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid
Open-mid ɛ ə
Open ä

Dipthongs

Falling
[äj] €€ '€' [äw] €€ '€'
[e̞j] saяdejp '€' [e̞w] €€ '€'
[o̞j] naꝛoj '€' [o̞w] '€'
[uj] €€ '€'
Rising
[jä] €€ '€' [wä] €€ '€'
[je̞] €€ '€' [we̞] €€ '€'
[wi] €€ '€'
[jo̞] €€ '€' [wo̞] €€ '€'
[ju] €€ '€'

Hiatus

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Phonotactics

(C) (C) V (C) (Coda)
-

Orthography

Grapheme Name Pronunciation Further information
A, a A [ä] -
Æ, æ Æß [ɛ] Only used in femenine gendered nouns
B, b Bej [b] -
C, c Cej [tʃ]
D, d Dej [d] -
E, e E [e̞] -
F, f Fej [f] -
G, g Gej [g] -
I, i I [i] -
J, j Jaw [j] Semi-vowel
K, k Kaw [k] -
L, l Lej [l] -
M, m Mej [m] -
N, n Naw [n] -
И, и Иaw [ɲ] -
O, o O [o̞] -
Œ, œ Œß [ə] Only used in masculine gendered nouns
P, p Paw [p] -
R, r Riaw [r] Trilled
Ꝛ, ꝛ Eꝛaw [ɾ] Flapped/Tapped
Я, я Яaw [ɹ] Rhotic
Ʀ, ʀ Ʀaw [ʀ] Uvular
S, s Sej [s] -
ẞ, ß ẞaw [∫] -
T, t Taw [t] -
U, u U [u] -
W, w Wej [w] Semi-vowel
X, x Xej [χ] -
Y, y Yej [ʝ] -
Z, z Zej [θ] -
Pan [ʘ] Statement marker (emphatic)
? Klon [!] Question marker
! Ten [ǀ] Command marker
§ Cen [ǁ] Suggestion marker
Ken [ǂ] Irony marker

Grammar

Gender and number

Nouns in Solerian can be abstract, inanimate, or animate.

  • Abstract gender englobes ideas, actions or abstractions: race, jump, freedom.
  • Inanimate gender refers to tangible non-living beings: stone, sun, window.
  • Animate gender unites living beings: bird, person, doctor.
    • Although it is not required, sex can be specified by adding to the noun the suffix for masculine, and for femenine nouns.

Regarding number, there are three categories nouns can fall in:

  • Singular, portraying only one entity: The car, a cat.
  • Dual, for natural pairs: eyes, the couple, a pair of trousers.
  • Plural, for two or more entities: The cars, four women.

Personal pronouns

Singular personal pronouns
Abstract Inanimate Animate
Unspecified Sex
Masculine Femenine
Zero person Lo - - - -
First person - - Ale Alœ Alæ
Second person - - Bale Balœ Balæ
Third person Calo Cali Cale Calœ Calæ
Fourth person - - Dale - -


Dual personal pronouns
Abstract Inanimate Animate
First person - - Alele
Second person - - Balele
Third person Calolo Calili Calele


Plural personal pronouns
Abstract Inanimate Animate
First person Exclusive - - Aleßu
Inclusive - - Abaleßu
Second person - - Baleßu
Third person Caloßu Calißu Caleßu

Numerals

Solerial numeral system is heavily decimal. Numbers are arranged in sets:

  • Pom: numbers from 0 to 9.
  • Daki: sets of ten, or denaries (all the x*10 numbers).
  • Fentu: sets of hundred (all the x*102 numbers).
  • Иare: sets of thousand (all the x*103 numbers).
  • Xusti: sets of million (all the x*106 numbers).
  • Яaze: sets of trillion (all the x*1012 numbers).


Pom numbers Cardinals Ordinals Daki numbers Cardinals Ordinals Fentu numbers Cardinals Ordinals
0 ʀajni - - - - - - -
1 tꝛepye(pom) tꝛepyepono 10 tꝛepyedaki tꝛepyedakigi 100 tꝛepyefentu tꝛepyefentudu
2 ganse(pom) gansepono 20 gansedaki gansedakigi 200 gansefentu gansefentudu
3 likli(pom) liklipono 30 liklidaki liklidakigi 300 liklifentu liklifentudu
4 flastez(pom) flastezpono 40 flastesdaki flastesdakigi 400 flastezfentu flastezfentudu
5 bostaꝛ(pom) bostaꝛpono 50 bostaꝛdaki bostaꝛdakigi 500 bostaꝛfentu bostaꝛfentudu
6 kortet(pom) kortetpono 60 kortetaki kortetakigi 600 kortetfentu kortetfentudu
7 иusi(pom) иusipono 70 иusidaki иusidakigi 700 иusifentu иusifentudu
8 lolto(pom) loltopono 80 loltodaki loltodakigi 800 loltofentu loltofentudu
9 nwarif(pom) nwarifpono 90 nwarifdaki nwarifdakigi 900 nwarifentu nwarifentudu


Иare numbers Cardinals Ordinals Xusti numbers Cardinals Ordinals Яaze numbers Cardinals Ordinals
1 000 tꝛepyeиare tꝛepyeиareꝛe 1 000 000 tꝛepyexusti tꝛepyexustidi 1012 tꝛepyeяaze tꝛepyeяazese
2 000 ganseиare ganseиareꝛe 2 000 000 gansexusti gansexustidi 2*1012 ganseяaze ganseяazese
3 000 likliиare likliиareꝛe 3 000 000 liklixusti liklixustidi 3*1012 likliяaze likliяazese
4 000 flastezиare flastezиareꝛe 4 000 000 flasteßusti flasteßustidi 4*1012 flastezяaze flastezяazese
5 000 bostaꝛиare bostaꝛиareꝛe 5 000 000 bostaꝛxusti bostaꝛxustidi 5*1012 bostaяaze bostaяazese
6 000 kortetиare kortetиareꝛe 6 000 000 kortetxusti kortetxustidi 6*1012 kortetяaze kortetяazese
7 000 иusiиare иusiиareꝛe 7 000 000 иusixusti иusixustidi 7*1012 иusiяaze иusiяazese
8 000 loltoиare loltoиareꝛe 8 000 000 loltoxusti loltoxustidi 8*1012 loltoяaze loltoяazese
9 000 nwarifиare nwarifиareꝛe 9 000 000 nwarifxusti nwarifxustidi 9*1012 nwarifяaze nwarifяazese

Numbers are arranged in order, from bigger to smaller (a*10i + b*10i-1 + … + w*103 + x*102 + y*10 + z).

Some examples:

  • 23: gansedaki likli(pom)
  • 749: иusifentu flastezdaki nwarif(pom)
  • 184922: tꝛepyefentu loltodaki flastesиare nwarifentu gansedaki ganse(pom)
  • #18 : tꝛepyedakigi loltopono

Morphology

Grammatical cases

Case (particle) Usage Soleя English
Nominative (·aяa) agent
Accusative (·bяe) patient
Dative (·kuя) recipient
Genitive (·eя) relationship, possession
Benefactive (·foя) beneficiary
Instrumental (·axra) instrument
Privative (·tix) lacking something
Essive-Modal (·ux) manner of doing something
Commitative (·ex) accompanied by sth/sb
Causal-final (·ox) efficient or final cause
Ablative (·af) movement away from something
Lative (·if) movement to something
Locative (·duf) location
Partitive (·ef) used for amounts
Temporal (·of) specifying a time


Syntax

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