Proto-Rathmosian: Difference between revisions
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==Vowels== | ==Vowels== | ||
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Vowel length is non-phonemic and all vowels are usually short. However, certain morphological conditions cause lengthening of the primary vowels ''a, e, u, i'' (but not ''ə''). These are then written ''aa, ee, uu, ii''. | |||
The semi-vowels ''i̯'' /j/ and ''u̯'' /w/ may occur after any vowel, effectively creating diphthongs, though for the purposes of syllable structure these are analysed as combinations of vowel + consonant: /aj, ej, uj, ij, əj, aw, ew, uw, iw, əw/. The combinations /ij/ and /uw/ may be analysed as [iː] and [uː]. The primary vowels may still be lengthened in these combinations, e.g. ''aai̯'' /aːj/, ''eeu̯'' /eːw/. /iːj/ and /uːw/ are therefore equivalent of [iːː], [uːː]. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
Proto-Rathmosian is written with the Roman alphabet using the following | Proto-Rathmosian is written with the Roman alphabet using the following graphs. | ||
:: ''a b d e f g h i k l m n p r s t u ə'' | |||
The breve is used below ''i̯'' and ''u̯'' to signal the semivowels /j/ and /w/. Long vowels are doubled. | |||
The following table shows the sound to spelling correspondences: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! style="width: 68px; "| graph | ! style="width: 68px; "| graph | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''a''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''a''''' | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''aa''''' | |||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''b''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''b''''' | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''d''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''d''''' | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''e''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''e''''' | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''ee''''' | |||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''f''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''f''''' | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''g''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''g''''' | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''h''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''h''''' | ||
|style="width: 20px; "| '''''i''''' | |style="width: 20px; "| '''''i''''' | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''ii''''' | |||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''i̯''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''i̯''''' | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''k''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''k''''' | ||
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| style="width: 20px; "| '''''t''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''t''''' | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''u''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''u''''' | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''uu''''' | |||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''u̯''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''u̯''''' | ||
| style="width: 20px; "| '''''ə''''' | | style="width: 20px; "| '''''ə''''' | ||
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! IPA | ! IPA | ||
| a | | a | ||
| aː | |||
| b | | b | ||
| d | | d | ||
| e | | e | ||
| eː | |||
| ɸ | | ɸ | ||
| g | | g | ||
| x | | x | ||
| i | | i | ||
| iː | |||
| j | | j | ||
| k | | k | ||
| Line 184: | Line 197: | ||
| t | | t | ||
| u | | u | ||
| uː | |||
| w | | w | ||
| ə | | ə | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Phonotactics== | |||
Words are constructed from a root plus various derivation or morphological affixes. Roots must be minimal CVC (e.g. ''ret-'' 'go, move') and may be CCVC (''glis-'' 'live, stay'), CVCC (''tii̯k-'' 'touch, feel'), CCVCC (''psau̯m'' 'breathe'). Affixes may be V, VC, VCV, C, CV, CVC. | |||
=Morphology= | =Morphology= | ||
=Syntax= | =Syntax= | ||
=Vocabulary= | =Vocabulary= | ||
Revision as of 19:16, 23 July 2017
Background
Phonology and Orthography
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | k | g | ||
| Fricative | ɸ | s | x | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||||
| Lateral app. | l |
Vowels
| Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | ||
| Close | 
| |||||
| Near-close | ||||||
| Close-mid | ||||||
| Mid | ||||||
| Open-mid | ||||||
| Near-open | ||||||
| Open | ||||||
Vowel length is non-phonemic and all vowels are usually short. However, certain morphological conditions cause lengthening of the primary vowels a, e, u, i (but not ə). These are then written aa, ee, uu, ii.
The semi-vowels i̯ /j/ and u̯ /w/ may occur after any vowel, effectively creating diphthongs, though for the purposes of syllable structure these are analysed as combinations of vowel + consonant: /aj, ej, uj, ij, əj, aw, ew, uw, iw, əw/. The combinations /ij/ and /uw/ may be analysed as [iː] and [uː]. The primary vowels may still be lengthened in these combinations, e.g. aai̯ /aːj/, eeu̯ /eːw/. /iːj/ and /uːw/ are therefore equivalent of [iːː], [uːː].
Orthography
Proto-Rathmosian is written with the Roman alphabet using the following graphs.
- a b d e f g h i k l m n p r s t u ə
The breve is used below i̯ and u̯ to signal the semivowels /j/ and /w/. Long vowels are doubled.
The following table shows the sound to spelling correspondences:
| graph | a | aa | b | d | e | ee | f | g | h | i | ii | i̯ | k | l | m | n | p | r | s | t | u | uu | u̯ | ə |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | a | aː | b | d | e | eː | ɸ | g | x | i | iː | j | k | l | m | n | p | r | s | t | u | uː | w | ə |
Phonotactics
Words are constructed from a root plus various derivation or morphological affixes. Roots must be minimal CVC (e.g. ret- 'go, move') and may be CCVC (glis- 'live, stay'), CVCC (tii̯k- 'touch, feel'), CCVCC (psau̯m 'breathe'). Affixes may be V, VC, VCV, C, CV, CVC.