Valthungian: Difference between revisions

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|  ||colspan=8| This is the default declension of the a-stem paradigm. Note the metathesis in the endings on the dative and accusative plural.

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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| ''Syllabic:'' ||align="center"| bagm'''as''' ||align="center"| bagm'''is''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''as''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''am''' ||align="center"| bagm'''ans''' |~~| rowspan=2 valign="top"~~| ''‘tree’''

|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| ''Syllabic:'' ||align="center"| bagm'''as''' ||align="center"| bagm'''is''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''as''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''am''' ||align="center"| bagm'''ans''' || ''‘tree’''

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|colspan=8| Nouns with roots ending in a syllabic sonorant (i.e. an obstruent followed by a sonorant) add have a slightly different paradigm. Note the lack of metathesis.

|colspan=9| Nouns with roots ending in a syllabic sonorant (i.e. an obstruent followed by a sonorant) add have a slightly different paradigm. Note the lack of metathesis.

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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| ''Clusters:'' ||align="center"| ast ||align="center"| ast'''is''' ||align="center"| ast'''a''' ||align="center"| ast ||align="center"| ast'''as''' ||align="center"| ast'''a''' ||align="center"| ast'''ma''' ||align="center"| ast'''nas''' |~~| rowspan=2 valign="top"~~| ''‘branch’''

|align="right" rowspan=5 valign="top"| ''Clusters:'' ||align="center"| ast_ ||align="center"| ast'''is''' ||align="center"| ast'''a''' ||align="center"| ast ||align="center"| ast'''as''' ||align="center"| ast'''a''' ||align="center"| ast'''ma''' ||align="center"| ast'''nas''' || ''‘branch’''

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|colspan=8| ~~Clusters…also includes –s~~, -r, and ~~–š stems~~

|align="center"| fiš_ ||align="center"| fiš'''is''' ||align="center"| fiš'''a''' ||align="center"| fiš ||align="center"| fiš'''as''' ||align="center"| fiš'''a''' ||align="center"| fiš'''ma''' ||align="center"| fiš'''nas''' || ''‘fish’''

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|align="center"| wer_ ||align="center"| wer'''is''' ||align="center"| wer'''a''' ||align="center"| wer ||align="center"| wer'''as''' ||align="center"| wer'''a''' ||align="center"| wer'''ma''' ||align="center"| wer'''nas''' || ''‘man’''

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|align="center"| ams_ ||align="center"| ams'''is''' ||align="center"| ams'''a''' ||align="center"| ams ||align="center"| ams'''as''' ||align="center"| ams'''a''' ||align="center"| ams'''ma''' ||align="center"| ams'''nas''' || ''‘shoulder’''

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|colspan=9| This category deals with two different types of changes, but because the result is the same, I’ve combined them here. In all of these examples, the “nominative s” is deleted or assimilated. In the first example, this is the result of a cluster simplification rule. The second is actually the same, but a later change also caused the cluster /sk/ to shift to /š/ in certain environments. The last two examples are the result of much early, pre-Gothic assimilation of /s/.

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|align="right" rowspan=4 valign="top"| ''Voicing Alternation:'' ||align="center"| þlǣf '''s'''||align="center"| þlǣv'''is''' ||align="center"| þlǣv'''a''' ||align="center"| þlǣf ||align="center"| þlǣv'''as''' ||align="center"| þlǣv'''a''' ||align="center"| þlǣv'''ma''' ||align="center"| þlǣv'''nas''' || ''‘bread’''

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|align="center"| ǭþ'''s'''||align="center"| ǭð'''is''' ||align="center"| ǭð'''a''' ||align="center"| ǭþ ||align="center"| ǭð'''as''' ||align="center"| ǭð'''a''' ||align="center"| ǭð'''ma''' ||align="center"| ǭð'''nas''' || ''‘fortune’''

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|align="center"| gǣs_ ||align="center"| gǣž'''is''' ||align="center"| gǣž'''a''' ||align="center"| gǣs ||align="center"| gǣž'''as''' ||align="center"| gǣž'''a''' ||align="center"| gǣž'''ma''' ||align="center"| gǣž'''nas''' || ''‘spear’''

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|colspan=9| In the Voicing Alternation category, the final consonant of nouns in the nominative and accusative singular are devoiced. This is a rule inherited from Gothic times, but it has changed slightly in application. Note that in the last example, the s of the nominative singular is also assimilated as per the rules of root-final s in Clusters.

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 | &nbsp;||colspan=8| <small>This is the default declension of the a-stem paradigm. Note the metathesis in the endings on the dative and accusative plural.</small>
 |-
-|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"|  ''Syllabic:'' ||align="center"| bagm'''as''' ||align="center"| bagm'''is''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''as''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''am''' ||align="center"| bagm'''ans''' || rowspan=2 valign="top"| ''‘tree’''
+|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"|  ''Syllabic:'' ||align="center"| bagm'''as''' ||align="center"| bagm'''is''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''as''' ||align="center"| bagm'''a''' ||align="center"| bagm'''am''' ||align="center"| bagm'''ans''' || ''‘tree’''
 |-
-|colspan=8| <small>Nouns with roots ending in a syllabic sonorant (i.e. an obstruent followed by a sonorant) add have a slightly different paradigm. Note the lack of metathesis.</small>
+|colspan=9| <small>Nouns with roots ending in a syllabic sonorant (i.e. an obstruent followed by a sonorant) add have a slightly different paradigm. Note the lack of metathesis.</small>
 |-
-|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"|  ''Clusters:'' ||align="center"| ast ||align="center"| ast'''is''' ||align="center"| ast'''a''' ||align="center"| ast ||align="center"| ast'''as''' ||align="center"| ast'''a''' ||align="center"| ast'''ma''' ||align="center"| ast'''nas''' || rowspan=2 valign="top"| ''‘branch’''
+|align="right" rowspan=5 valign="top"|  ''Clusters:'' ||align="center"| ast<span style="color:red">_</span> ||align="center"| ast'''is''' ||align="center"| ast'''a''' ||align="center"| ast ||align="center"| ast'''as''' ||align="center"| ast'''a''' ||align="center"| ast'''ma''' ||align="center"| ast'''nas''' || ''‘branch’''
 |-
-|colspan=8| <small>Clusters…also includes –s, -r, and –š stems</small>
+|align="center"| fiš<span style="color:red">_</span> ||align="center"| fiš'''is''' ||align="center"| fiš'''a''' ||align="center"| fiš ||align="center"| fiš'''as''' ||align="center"| fiš'''a''' ||align="center"| fiš'''ma''' ||align="center"| fiš'''nas''' || ''‘fish’''
+|-
+|align="center"| wer<span style="color:red">_</span> ||align="center"| wer'''is''' ||align="center"| wer'''a''' ||align="center"| wer ||align="center"| wer'''as''' ||align="center"| wer'''a''' ||align="center"| wer'''ma''' ||align="center"| wer'''nas''' || ''‘man’''
+|-
+|align="center"| ams<span style="color:red">_</span> ||align="center"| ams'''is''' ||align="center"| ams'''a''' ||align="center"| ams ||align="center"| ams'''as''' ||align="center"| ams'''a''' ||align="center"| ams'''ma''' ||align="center"| ams'''nas''' || ''‘shoulder’''
+|-
+|colspan=9| <small>This category deals with two different types of changes, but because the result is the same, I’ve combined them here. In all of these examples, the “nominative s” is deleted or assimilated.  In the first example, this is the result of a cluster simplification rule. The second is actually the same, but a later change also caused the cluster /sk/ to shift to /š/ in certain environments. The last two examples are the result of much early, pre-Gothic assimilation of /s/.</small>
+|-
+|align="right" rowspan=4 valign="top"|  ''Voicing Alternation:'' ||align="center"| þlǣ<span style="color:red">f</span> '''s'''||align="center"| þlǣv'''is''' ||align="center"| þlǣv'''a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ<span style="color:red">f</span> ||align="center"| þlǣv'''as''' ||align="center"| þlǣv'''a''' ||align="center"| þlǣv'''ma''' ||align="center"| þlǣv'''nas''' || ''‘bread’''
+|-
+|align="center"| ǭ<span style="color:red">þ</span>'''s'''||align="center"| ǭð'''is''' ||align="center"| ǭð'''a''' ||align="center"| ǭ<span style="color:red">þ</span> ||align="center"| ǭð'''as''' ||align="center"| ǭð'''a''' ||align="center"| ǭð'''ma''' ||align="center"| ǭð'''nas''' || ''‘fortune’''
+|-
+|align="center"| gǣ<span style="color:red">s_</span> ||align="center"| gǣž'''is''' ||align="center"| gǣž'''a''' ||align="center"| gǣ<span style="color:red">s</span> ||align="center"| gǣž'''as''' ||align="center"| gǣž'''a''' ||align="center"| gǣž'''ma''' ||align="center"| gǣž'''nas''' || ''‘spear’''
+|-
+|colspan=9| <small>In the Voicing Alternation category, the final consonant of nouns in the nominative and accusative singular are devoiced.  This is a rule inherited from Gothic times, but it has changed slightly in application. Note that in the last example, the s of the nominative singular is also assimilated as per the rules of root-final s in Clusters.</small>
 |-
 |}