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=====Verb derivation affixes===== | =====Verb derivation affixes===== | ||
All derivation suffixes cause the verb to follow the suffix conjugation pattern. For more information, see [[Qino#Class 2: Suffix-derived verbs|suffix-derived verbs]]. When formed from a noun or adjective, a suffix (often ''-aa-'') may be added before the suffix. | All derivation suffixes cause the verb to follow the suffix conjugation pattern. For more information, see [[Qino#Class 2: Suffix-derived verbs|suffix-derived verbs]]. When formed from a noun or adjective, a suffix (often ''-aa-'') may be added before the suffix. | ||
*Causative: ''-(i)s-''; ''-(i)siis-'' <!--(Denominal: ''-aas-'') -->(e.g. ''casaasi'' "to make red", ''sheensiisi'' "to make (someone) give") | *Causative: ''-(i)s-''; ''-(i)siis-'', ''-ees-'' <!--(Denominal: ''-aas-'') -->(e.g. ''casaasi'' "to make red", ''sheensiisi'' "to make (someone) give") | ||
*Passive: ''-am-'' (e.g. ''sheenami'' "to be given") | *Passive: ''-am-'' (e.g. ''sheenami'' "to be given") | ||
*Middle: ''-at-'' <!--(Denominal: ''-aat-'')-->(e.g. ''sheenati'' "to bring for oneself", ''jacalaati'' "to come to love"). This suffix has some irregularities. | *Middle: ''-at-'', ''-aat-'' <!--(Denominal: ''-aat-'')-->(e.g. ''sheenati'' "to bring for oneself", ''jacalaati'' "to come to love"). This suffix has some irregularities. | ||
** The ''-t-'' becomes ''-dh-'' in the first person singular and in the imperative (e.g. ''jacalaadhé'' "I came to love" vs ''jacalaaté'' "he came to love"). | ** The ''-t-'' becomes ''-dh-'' in the first person singular and in the imperative (e.g. ''jacalaadhé'' "I came to love" vs ''jacalaaté'' "he came to love"). | ||
**The verbal noun is formed with the suffix ''-ashu'' (''f.'') | **The verbal noun is formed with the suffix ''-ashu'' (''f.'') | ||