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===Phonotactics=== | |||
*/h/ cannot follow another consonant or occur intervocalically. | |||
*/s/ can only occur word-finally. | |||
*Words cannot end with /g/ or any consonant cluster. | |||
*Vowels (except for diphthongs) must be separated by a consonant. | |||
*Word-initial consonant clusters are limited to [plosive]+[liquid] (i.e. {ptkbdg} + {lr}), but not /tl/ or /dl/. | |||
**Intervocalic clusters may be: | |||
**Geminate plosives or sonorants: /pp/, /tt/, /kk/, /bb/, /dd/, /ll/, /rr/, /mm/, /nn/; but not /gg/. | |||
**Any [plosive]+[liquid] combination: /pl/, /pl/, /tl/, /tr/, /kl/, /kr/, /bl/, /br/, /dl/, /dr/, /gl/, /gr/ | |||
**Any [plosive]+/w/: /pw/, /tw/, /kw/, /bw/, /dw/, /gw/ | |||
**Any [nasal]+[unvoiced plosive] or [affricate]: /mp/, /nt/, /nk/, /nʧ/, /nʤ/ | |||
**Also: /ngw/, /hk/, /hw/, /hj/ | |||
*Like short vowels may contract (including with like short vowels which are part of a diphthong), e.g. ''raiwai''+''itta''+''aichī'' (‘those six men’) > ''raiwai’tt’aichī''. Determiners, adjectives, pronouns, and adverbs are the most likely to lose vowels to contraction, while nouns and verbs do not usually experience any elision. | |||
====List of Valid Onsets==== | |||
Onsets are not required. The following onsets may occur (including clusters): b–, br–, br–, ch–, d–, dr–, g–, gl–, gr–, h–, j–, k–, kh–, kl–, kr–, l–, m–, n–, p–, pl–, pr–, r–, t–, tr–, w–, y– | |||
====List of Valid Nuclei==== | |||
Any vowel may act as a nucleus. | |||
====List of Valid (Intersyllabic) Consonant Clusters, Including Geminates==== | |||
An intersyllabic consonant is required, though it need not be a cluster. Any single consonant may occur between syllables except for ‹h› and ‹s›. The following intersyllabic consonant clusters may occur: | |||
–bb–, –bl–, –br–, –bw–, –dd–, –dl–, –dr–, –dw–, –gl–, –gr–, –gw–, –hk–, –hw–, –hy–, –kk–, –kl–, –kr–, –kw–, –ll–, –mm–, –mp–, –nch–, –ngw–, –nj–, –nk–, –nn–, –ny–, –pl–, –pp–, –pr–, –pw–, –rr–, –tl–, | |||
–tr–, –tt–, –tw– | |||
====List of Valid Codas==== | |||
A coda is not required. No clusters may occur as a coda, but any single consonant may appear as a coda except for ‹g›: –b, –ch, –d, –dj, –h, –k, –l, –m, –n, –p, –r, –s, –t | |||
===Stress=== | |||
Stress is determined by mora weight of the rime. No syllable can have more than 3 morae in the rime (VVC). When determining stress, the following order takes precedence: | |||
'''<tt>VːC > VVC > Vː > VV > VC > V</tt>''' | |||
(E.g. āt > aut > ā > au > at > a) | |||
If syllabic weights are equal, the left-most of the equal syllables is stressed. E.g. ''tā́kkum'' ‘wide’ /ˈtaːk.kʊm/, ''grawukkái'' ‘worm’ /gra.wukˈkai/, ''irúntutim'' ‘cold weather’ /iˈrun.tu.tim/. | |||
When stress deviates from this pattern it is indicated by an acute diacritic. (Examples above are not normally accented, but acute is used for illustrative purposes.) | |||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
For the most part, orthography does not differ from the phonology. Where it does, it is indicated below. | |||
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* /ʤ/ is spelt ‹dj› when word-final. | * /ʤ/ is spelt ‹dj› when word-final. | ||
==Numbers== | ==Numbers== |