Gothedish: Difference between revisions
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*'''z''' /z/: devoiced to /s/ | *'''z''' /z/: devoiced to /s/ | ||
====Palatalization==== | ====Palatalization==== | ||
All consonants except for ''w, j,'' and ''v'' can be palatalized by adding ''j'' after the consonant. This specific form of palatalization is known as iotation. The originally labiovelar consonants ''hv, kv,'' and ''gv'' are iotated to ''hj, kj,'' and ''gj'' respectively. | |||
It is rare for vowels to occur in productively iotating environments, but when that happens, the results are generally as follows (though individual lexemes may behave differently): | |||
*a + j → ä | |||
*ä, e + j → ei | |||
*å, o, ou, u, ue + j → oi | |||
*i, y, ei, ey, eu, oi, ie, ye unaffected | |||
There is another form of palatalization that only affects the velar consonants ''k'' and ''g'', as well as the clusters ''sk'' and ''zg''. All of these are palatalized before front vowels (''ä, e, i, ö, y, ei, ey, eu, ie, ye''). Additionally, ''g'' is palatalized after orthographic ''i'' (which therefore excludes ''ie'' and includes ''ei, oi,'' ''ai'', and unstressed ''i'' /ə/). Unstressed ''e'' /ə/ does not cause palatalization. | |||
The palatalization of velars can be blocked by adding ''h'' after the consonant in question (i.e. ''kh, gh''). This only occurs in loanwords. Some common words and morphemes do not indicate the lack of palatalization - e.g. ''kitab'' /kɪˈtaːp/ "book", ''-logie'' /lɔˈgiː/ "-logy". | |||
====Addition of -t-==== | ====Addition of -t-==== | ||
These changes occur in the past stem of class 1 weak verbs (where ''-d-'' becomes ''-t-'' after obstruents) and the second person singular past indicative of strong verbs (which has the ending ''-t''). Before applying these changes to class 1 weak verbs, remove the ''-j-'' in the present stem. | These changes occur in the past stem of class 1 weak verbs (where ''-d-'' becomes ''-t-'' after obstruents) and the second person singular past indicative of strong verbs (which has the ending ''-t''). Before applying these changes to class 1 weak verbs, remove the ''-j-'' in the present stem. | ||