Ruthenian: Difference between revisions
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#Upper Dnistrian (Kresowy) is considered to be the main Halician Ruthenian dialect, spoken in the [[w:Lviv|Lwiw]], [[w:Ternopil|Ternopiľ]], and [[w:Ivano-Frankivsk|Iwano-Frankiwsk]] and the standard is mostly based on this dialect. Its distinguishing characteristics are the influence of Polish and the German vocabulary, which is reminiscent of the Austro-Hungarian rule. | #Upper Dnistrian (Kresowy) is considered to be the main Halician Ruthenian dialect, spoken in the [[w:Lviv|Lwiw]], [[w:Ternopil|Ternopiľ]], and [[w:Ivano-Frankivsk|Iwano-Frankiwsk]] and the standard is mostly based on this dialect. Its distinguishing characteristics are the influence of Polish and the German vocabulary, which is reminiscent of the Austro-Hungarian rule. | ||
#Pokuttia is spoken in the [[w:Chernivtsi Oblast|Czerniwci]] and [[w:Ternopil Oblast|Ternopiľ Oblasť]] of Ukraine. This dialect has some distinct phonetic and lexical features, most notable of which is a shift of /ɛ/ into /æ/ in certain positions and /ɔ/ instead of /ɛ/ after some postalveolar fricatives (like in standard Ukrainian). | #Pokuttia is spoken in the [[w:Chernivtsi Oblast|Czerniwci]] and [[w:Ternopil Oblast|Ternopiľ Oblasť]] of Ukraine. This dialect has some distinct phonetic and lexical features, most notable of which is a shift of /ɛ/ into /æ/ in certain positions and /ɔ/ instead of /ɛ/ after some postalveolar fricatives (like in standard Ukrainian). | ||
#Hutsul is spoken by the [[w: | #Hutsul is spoken by the [[w:Hutsuls|Hucul people]] on the northern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, in the extreme southern parts of the Iwano-Frankiwsk Oblasť and Transcarpathian Oblasťs. It also preserves the /ɨ~ɤ/ sound and have /d͡ʐ/ reduced to /ʒ/. | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
Ruthenian has two alphabets: Latin and Cyrillic. The Cyrillic alphabet consists of 32 letters and an apostrophe, which is almost identical to the Ukrainian one. The standardized variant, used nowadays, was proposed by Євген Желехівски (Jewhen Želechiwsky). The letter "Ё" (and "ё") was introduced in 1961 to mark the vowel /ɛ/ which is pronounced /ɔ/ and /jɔ/ in the Pokuttia dialect, but it was excluded in 1990 together with the letter "Щ" (and its lowercase "щ"). The letter "ѕ" which looks the same as a Latin "s" and "џ" were occasionally used to represent /d͡z/ and /d͡ʐ/ sounds respectively, but they were substituted with digraphs. The apostrophe acts like a letter in Ruthenian and marks the /j/ sound after consonants. | Ruthenian has two alphabets: Latin and Cyrillic. The Cyrillic alphabet consists of 32 letters and an apostrophe, which is almost identical to the Ukrainian one. The standardized variant, used nowadays, was proposed by Євген Желехівски (Jewhen Želechiwsky). The letter "Ё" (and "ё") was introduced in 1961 to mark the vowel /ɛ/ which is pronounced /ɔ/ and /jɔ/ in the Pokuttia dialect, but it was excluded in 1990 together with the letter "Щ" (and its lowercase "щ"). The letter "ѕ" which looks the same as a Latin "s" and "џ" were occasionally used to represent /d͡z/ and /d͡ʐ/ sounds respectively, but they were substituted with digraphs. The apostrophe acts like a letter in Ruthenian and marks the /j/ sound after consonants. | ||