Chlouvānem/Phonology: Difference between revisions

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===Vowel /ɔ/ (incl. historical */ʌo̯/)===

The vowel /ɔ/ in all contemporary Chlouvānem pronunciation is the result of the merger of historical (Classical) /ɔ/ and another vowel, usually reconstructed as */ʌo̯/ or */ɔʊ̯/; both are still distinguished orthographically, with '''o''' used for the former and '''å''' for the latter, making /ɔ/ the only Chlouvānem phoneme that has two completely different letters for it to be written with.

The vowel {{IPA|/ɔ/}} in all contemporary Chlouvānem pronunciation is the result of the merger of historical (Classical) {{IPA|/ɔ/}} and another vowel, usually reconstructed as *{{IPA|/ʌo̯/}} or *{{IPA|/ɔʊ̯/}}; both are still distinguished orthographically, with '''o''' used for the former and '''å''' for the latter, making {{IPA|/ɔ/}} the only Chlouvānem phoneme that has two completely different letters for it to be written with.

In almost all pronunciations (the Coastal Southwest and the Hālyanēṃṣi pronunciation being the main exceptions), when preceding any of /ɴ̆ ʀ c͡ɕ c͡ɕʰ ɟ͡ʑ ɟ͡ʑʱ/, it is raised to a mid [o̞] or high-mid [o] vowel (in free variation, not represented here):

In almost all pronunciations (the Coastal Southwest and the Hālyanēṃṣi pronunciation being the main exceptions), when preceding any of {{IPA|/ɴ̆ ʀ c͡ɕ c͡ɕʰ ɟ͡ʑ ɟ͡ʑʱ/}}, it is raised to a mid {{IPA|[o̞]}} or high-mid {{IPA|[o]}} vowel (in free variation, not represented here):

: ''jålkha'' "cold" /ɟ͡ʑɔɴ̆kʰä/ – Std. [ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆kʰä], Līl. [ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆qʰɐ], Cam. [ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆kʰä], Hln. [ɟ͡ʑɔɴ̆qʰä]

: ''jålkha'' "cold" {{IPA|/ɟ͡ʑɔɴ̆kʰä/}} – Std. {{IPA|[ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆kʰä]}}, Līl. {{IPA|[ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆qʰɐ]}}, Cam. {{IPA|[ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆kʰä]}}, Hln. {{IPA|[ɟ͡ʑɔɴ̆qʰä]}}

When word-final (an occurrence which is limited to borrowed proper nouns, the accusatives of dual pronouns, the dative of cardinal numerals, and some Eastern toponyms), it is realized as [oː] virtually everywhere:

: ''emibå'' "one" (<small>DAT.</small>) /emibɔ/ – Std., Līl., Cam., Hln. [emiboː]

: ''emibå'' "one" (<small>DAT.</small>) {{IPA|/emibɔ/}} – Std., Līl., Cam., Hln. {{IPA|[emiboː]}}

: ''ilo'' "us two" /iɴ̆ɔ/ – Std., Līl., Cam., Hln. [iɴ̆oː]

: ''ilo'' "us two" {{IPA|/iɴ̆ɔ/}} – Std., Līl., Cam., Hln. {{IPA|[iɴ̆oː]}}

: ''Paramito'' (name of a city) /päʀämitɔ/ – Std, Cam., Hln. [päʀämitoː], Līl. [pɐʀɐmitoː]

: ''Paramito'' (name of a city) {{IPA|/päʀämitɔ/}} – Std, Cam., Hln. {{IPA|[päʀämitoː]}}, Līl. {{IPA|[pɐʀɐmitoː]}}

Currently, there is a tendency among young speakers, almost exclusively adolescents and young adults in the major urban areas, towards the development of a spelling-based phonemic distinction, with /o/ [o] corresponding to written '''o''' and /ɔ/ [ɔ] corresponding to written '''å'''. In its most radical form, this overrides even the raising of /ɔ/ (when written '''å''') and the [oː] pronunciation in words like ''emibå'' mentioned above; otherwise this tendency still keeps them merged in those contexts. However, this usage is considered non-standard and not appropriate in formal circumstances.

Currently, there is a tendency among young speakers, almost exclusively adolescents and young adults in the major urban areas, towards the development of a spelling-based phonemic distinction, with {{IPA|/o/ [o]}} corresponding to written '''o''' and {{IPA|/ɔ/ [ɔ]}} corresponding to written '''å'''. In its most radical form, this overrides even the raising of {{IPA|/ɔ/}} (when written '''å''') and the {{IPA|[oː]}} pronunciation in words like ''emibå'' mentioned above; otherwise this tendency still keeps them merged in those contexts. However, this usage is considered non-standard and not appropriate in formal circumstances.

===Diphthongs===

Chlouvānem/Phonology: Difference between revisions

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