Ahāmatya: Difference between revisions
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'''Ahāmatya''' distinguishes between two aspects: the '''Imperfective''' aspect indicates a continuous action, and is unmarked, or marked by '''-∅-'''; the '''Perfect''' aspect indicates a completed action prior to some event in context, and is marked by '''augmenting''' the root vowel of the verb. | '''Ahāmatya''' distinguishes between two aspects: the '''Imperfective''' aspect indicates a continuous action, and is unmarked, or marked by '''-∅-'''; the '''Perfect''' aspect indicates a completed action prior to some event in context, and is marked by '''augmenting''' the root vowel of the verb. | ||
Time is distinguished between '''Past''' time, marked by '''-n-''' indicating actions in the past, and '''Non-Past''' time, marked by '''-t-''', indicating actions not in the past. Within '''Non-Past''' time are present and future times, where the future is identical to the present with the addition of an explicit prefix '''le-''', itself a cliticized form of an independent word. Aspect and time combine to yield tense. Additionally, there exists a '''Gnomic''', or "timeless", time, which is used in concert with aspect to indicate general truths or aphorisms independent of a contextual time. Verbs in the gnomic are | Time is distinguished between '''Past''' time, marked by '''-n-''' indicating actions in the past, and '''Non-Past''' time, marked by '''-t-''', indicating actions not in the past. Within '''Non-Past''' time are present and future times, where the future is identical to the present with the addition of an explicit prefix '''le-''', itself a cliticized form of an independent word. Aspect and time combine to yield tense. Additionally, there exists a '''Gnomic''', or "timeless", time, which is used in concert with aspect to indicate general truths or aphorisms independent of a contextual time. Verbs in the gnomic are marked by lengthening the root vowel. | ||
* The '''Imperfective Gnomic Tense''' indicates an ongoing or incomplete action independent of time. It is the composition of imperfective aspect and gnomic time. | * The '''Imperfective Gnomic Tense''' indicates an ongoing or incomplete action independent of time. It is the composition of imperfective aspect and gnomic time. | ||
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! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | '' | | style="text-align: center;" | ''m'''ā'''t-'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | ''mat'''''n-''' → ''ma'''''n'''''d-'' | | style="text-align: center;" | ''mat'''''n-''' → ''ma'''''n'''''d-'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | ''mat'''''t-''' | | style="text-align: center;" | ''mat'''''t-''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | '''a''''' | | style="text-align: center;" | '''a'''''m'''ā'''t'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | '''a'''''mat'''''n-''' → '''a'''''ma'''''n'''''d-'' | | style="text-align: center;" | '''a'''''mat'''''n-''' → '''a'''''ma'''''n'''''d-'' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | '''a'''''mat'''''t-''' | | style="text-align: center;" | '''a'''''mat'''''t-''' | ||