Chlouvānem/Calendar and time: Difference between revisions

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Time expressions in the [[Chlouvānem]] language need understanding of the timekeeping system of the Chlouvānem populations. The '''Chlouvānem calendar''' (''chlǣvānumi pārṇahaleṃlāṇa'') is a lunisolar calendar and is one of two timekeeping systems used officially on [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]], the other one being the standard Western calendar used by the majority of nations. Despite being used officially only in four countries (''the [[Verse:Chlouvānem Inquisition|Inquisition]]'', ''Brono'', ''Fathan'', and ''Qualdomailor''), it is the timekeeping system for about 20% of the planet's population, the vast majority in the Inquisition. Furthermore, in many countries of the former Kaiṣamā with a sizable Chlouvānem population (like Soenjŏ-tave or Kŭyŭgwažtow), and to a lesser extent in the rest of Eastern Bloc, it is common to find both calendar systems used at the same time, even though only the Western calendar is official.<br/>The count of years of the Chlouvānem calendar begins with the (mythical) foundation of Lælavāši (Lälawaashi in [[Lällshag]]), a city often cited in Lällshag (the people the Chlouvānem borrowed the calendar from) legends and possibly located near modern Erukamarta. The current year is 3874 (6424<sub>10</sub>). While even the existence of the legendary city of Lælavāši is dubious, year 0, calculated about a thousand years ago by literary scholars, is conveniently close to the accepted beginning of Calémerian Holocene and thus the Lällshag-Chlouvānem calendar can be said to count the years since the birth of civilization.
Time expressions in the [[Chlouvānem]] language need understanding of the timekeeping system of the Chlouvānem populations. The '''Chlouvānem calendar''' (''chlǣvānumi lairhaleṃlāṇa'') is a lunisolar calendar and is one of two timekeeping systems used officially on [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]], the other one being the standard Western calendar used by the majority of nations. Despite being used officially only in four countries (''the [[Verse:Chlouvānem Inquisition|Inquisition]]'', ''Brono'', ''Fathan'', and ''Qualdomailor''), it is the timekeeping system for about 20% of the planet's population, the vast majority in the Inquisition. Furthermore, in many countries of the former Kaiṣamā with a sizable Chlouvānem population (like Soenjŏ-tave or Kŭyŭgwažtow), and to a lesser extent in the rest of Eastern Bloc, it is common to find both calendar systems used at the same time, even though only the Western calendar is official.<br/>The count of years of the Chlouvānem calendar begins with the (mythical) foundation of Lælavāši (Lälawaashi in [[Lällshag]]), a city often cited in Lällshag (the people the Chlouvānem borrowed the calendar from) legends and possibly located near modern Erukamarta. The current year is 3874 (6424<sub>10</sub>). While even the existence of the legendary city of Lælavāši is dubious, year 0, calculated about a thousand years ago by literary scholars, is conveniently close to the accepted beginning of Calémerian Holocene and thus the Lällshag-Chlouvānem calendar can be said to count the years since the birth of civilization.


In this article Chlouvānem names will be used, but the languages of the other countries all follow the same system, often with borrowed Chlouvānem numerals for duodecimal numbers.
In this article Chlouvānem names will be used, but the languages of the other countries all follow the same system, often with borrowed Chlouvānem numerals for duodecimal numbers.
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The lunar element of the Chlouvānem calendar is important in marking the closest equivalent to a week. It should be noted that this division, formerly purely astronomical, is now mostly bureaucratic and does not correspond to astronomical values; therefore solar days and lunar days, as far as the calendar is concerned, are both equal. In the following section, all references to "the moon" refer to ''Hulyā'' (Cer. ''Ašeira''), the greater of the two Calémerian moons.  
The lunar element of the Chlouvānem calendar is important in marking the closest equivalent to a week. It should be noted that this division, formerly purely astronomical, is now mostly bureaucratic and does not correspond to astronomical values; therefore solar days and lunar days, as far as the calendar is concerned, are both equal. In the following section, all references to "the moon" refer to ''Hulyā'' (Cer. ''Ašeira''), the greater of the two Calémerian moons.  


A lunar month (''hulyāsena'') is a fixed 34-day division parallel to the fourteen solar months described above. Every lunar month is divided in ''lānicunih'' (pl. ''lānicuneyi''), which is the "fixed" 32-hour (28<sub>12</sub>) bureaucratic lunar day (as opposed to ''ilēmpārṇam'', the astronomical lunar day of variable length, which varies between 30 ½ and 33 Calemerian hours), which is equivalent to the solar day, and ''lānicuneyai'' are grouped in two periods called ''lānimpeɂila'' (pl. ''lānimpeɂilai''), each one of 17 days, half of the lunar month. The ''lānimpeɂilai'' are the closest equivalent of a "week" in the Chlouvānem calendar; they are astronomically based on lunar phases, and are called respectively ''chlærlīltāvi'' (from new to full moon) and ''līleñchlæryāvi''.
A lunar month (''hulyāsena'') is a fixed 34-day division parallel to the fourteen solar months described above. Every lunar month is divided in ''lānicunih'' (pl. ''lānicuneyi''), which is the "fixed" 32-hour (28<sub>12</sub>) bureaucratic lunar day (as opposed to ''ilēṃlairē'', the astronomical lunar day of variable length, which varies between 30 ½ and 33 Calemerian hours), which is equivalent to the solar day, and ''lānicuneyai'' are grouped in two periods called ''lānimpeɂila'' (pl. ''lānimpeɂilai''), each one of 17 days, half of the lunar month. The ''lānimpeɂilai'' are the closest equivalent of a "week" in the Chlouvānem calendar; they are astronomically based on lunar phases, and are called respectively ''chlærlīltāvi'' (from new to full moon) and ''līleñchlæryāvi''.


These divisions - the ''lānimpeɂilai'' - take the place of “weeks” for event schedules: the fifth and eleventh days of each lunar phase are half-rest days, while the sixth, twelfth, and seventeenth are full rest days; the first day of the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth lunar months are also full rest days.
These divisions - the ''lānimpeɂilai'' - take the place of “weeks” for event schedules: the fifth and eleventh days of each lunar phase are half-rest days, while the sixth, twelfth, and seventeenth are full rest days; the first day of the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth lunar months are also full rest days.
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=== Days, hours, and shorter times ===
=== Days, hours, and shorter times ===
The (solar) day (''pārṇam'') is the base measure of time, which is divided in 28<sub>12</sub> (32<sub>10</sub>) hours (''garaṇa'') — note that there is a separate term for “day” as the part of the 28-hour day with daylight, namely ''chlærdhūs''. One Calemerian day lasts about 35 hours on Earth.<br/>
The (solar) day (''lairē'') is the base measure of time, which is divided in 28<sub>12</sub> (32<sub>10</sub>) hours (''garaṇa'') — note that there is a separate term for “day” as the part of the 28-hour day with daylight, namely ''hånna'' (the same word that means "sun"). One Calemerian day lasts about 35 hours on Earth.<br/>
These hours are divided in four groups called ''garaṃlāṇa'', each one made of eight hours and corresponding to different times of the day. They are ''yartām'' (morning), ''saṃlallai'' (afternoon, plurale tantum), and ''prājānya'' (evening), and ''lalyā'' (night) — they may be referred to either with these simple names or ''genitive + garaṇai'' (''lalei garaṇai, yartāmi garaṇai'', …).
These hours are divided in four groups called ''garaṃlāṇa'', each one made of eight hours and corresponding to different times of the day. They are ''yartām'' (morning), ''saṃlallai'' (afternoon, plurale tantum), and ''prājānya'' (evening), and ''lalyā'' (night) — they may be referred to either with these simple names or ''genitive + garaṇai'' (''lalei garaṇai, yartāmi garaṇai'', …).


The first hour of ''yartām'' - the morning - is the first one of the whole day (a stark contrast to the Western calendar, where the day begins at midnight and - traditionally - at dusk); every last hour of each garaṃlāṇa has a specific name, respectively ''lalla hånna'' (high[est] sun — colloquially just ''lalla''), ''nīhenā'' (sunset), ''kutīkṣaire hånna'' (lowest sun — colloquially just ''kutīkṣayā''), and ''ājva'' (dawn). For ''lalla'' and ''kutīkṣayā'' there are also the older terms - still used in some areas - ''chlærdaniāmita'' (halfpoint of the day) and ''lalyādaniāmita'' (halfpoint of the night) respectively.
The first hour of ''yartām'' - the morning - is the first one of the whole day (a stark contrast to the Western calendar, where the day begins at midnight and - traditionally - at dusk); every last hour of each garaṃlāṇa has a specific name, respectively ''lalla hånna'' (high[est] sun — colloquially just ''lalla''), ''nīhenā'' (sunset), ''kutīkṣaire hånna'' (lowest sun — colloquially just ''kutīkṣayā''), and ''ājva'' (dawn). For ''lalla'' and ''kutīkṣayā'' there are also the older terms - still used in some areas - ''chlærdanyāmita'' (halfpoint of the day) and ''lalyādanyāmita'' (halfpoint of the night) respectively.


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The head of formal letters uses the first format (though written with numbers) and, obligatorily, the name of the day, e.g. ''3871-i uṣraumaṇāyi Ɛ-de : līšabganā''.
The head of formal letters uses the first format (though written with numbers) and, obligatorily, the name of the day, e.g. ''3871-i uṣraumaṇāyi Ɛ-de : līšabganā''.


Common abbreviations (using the same example date as above) include e.g. 3871-4-Ɛ, 3871h4aƐp (with ''h'' standing for ''heirah'' (year), ''a'' for ''asena'' (month), and ''p'' for ''parṇām'' (day)), lšb: 3871-4-Ɛ (the most common in short format dates, i.e. like the first but including the day), or even Ch2: 3871-4-Ɛ (as ''līšabganā'' is the second day of ''chlærlīltāvi'').
Common abbreviations (using the same example date as above) include e.g. 3871-4-Ɛ, 3871h4aƐl (with ''h'' standing for ''heirah'' (year), ''a'' for ''asena'' (month), and ''l'' for ''lairē'' (day)), lšb: 3871-4-Ɛ (the most common in short format dates, i.e. like the first but including the day), or even Ch2: 3871-4-Ɛ (as ''līšabganā'' is the second day of ''chlærlīltāvi'').


=== Telling the time ===
=== Telling the time ===
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