Togarmite: Difference between revisions

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==Nouns==
==Nouns==
In some ways declension has simplified: Like [[Cubrite]], Modern Togarmite has lost grammatical gender. The construct state has been lost, and the Old Togarmite definite state ''ʔan-'' has been reanalyzed as a separate definite article ''yn''. ''Yn'' becomes ''ym'' before /m p b/.
In some ways declension has simplified: Modern Togarmite has lost grammatical gender. The construct state has been lost, and the Old Togarmite definite state ''ʔan-'' has been reanalyzed as a separate definite article ''yn''. ''Yn'' becomes ''ym'' before /m f v p=/.


However, declension has become more complicated in other ways. For example, Modern Togarmite has innovated more declension paradigms.
However, declension has become more complicated in other ways. For example, Modern Togarmite has innovated more declension paradigms.
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
|+ ''xalb'' 'dog'
|+ ''kalv'' 'dog'
! || singular || plural  
! || singular || plural  
|-
|-
! indefinite
! indefinite
| ''xalb'' || ''xlab'''i'''''
| ''kalv'' || 'klav'''i'''''
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
|+''þėgami'' 'Togarmite'
|+''Tėrmi'' 'Togarmite'
! || singular || plural  
! || singular || plural  
|-
|-
! indefinite
! indefinite
| ''þėgam'''i''''' || ''þėgam'''in'''''
| ''Tėrm'''i''''' || ''Tėrm'''in'''''
|}
|}


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===Former feminines===
===Former feminines===
This class consists of nouns that were feminine in Old Togarmite, which typically end in ''-t'' or ''-þ'' and take a plural in ''-ėþ'':
This class consists of nouns that were feminine in Old Togarmite, which typically end in ''-t'' and take a plural in ''-ėt'':


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
|+''friþ'' 'fruit'
|+''frit'' 'fruit'
! || singular || plural  
! || singular || plural  
|-
|-
! indefinite
! indefinite
| ''friþ'' || ''frij'''ėþ'''''
| ''frir'' || ''frij'''ėt'''''
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
|+''galt'' 'door' (altered from *dalt)
|+''γalt'' 'door' (altered from *ðalt)
! || singular || plural  
! || singular || plural  
|-
|-
! indefinite
! indefinite
| ''galt'' || ''glat'''ėþ'''''
| ''γalt'' || ''γlat'''ėt'''''
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
|+''þyxþøbt'' 'document'
|+''tyktøvt'' 'document'
! || singular || plural  
! || singular || plural  
|-
|-
! indefinite
! indefinite
| ''þyxþøbt'' || ''þyxþøb'''ėþ'''''
| ''tyktøvt'' || ''tyktøv'''ėt'''''
|}
|}


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These are mainly Greek and Aramaic words.
These are mainly Greek and Aramaic words.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
|+''apoloža'' 'excuse (pretext)'
|+''aboloža'' 'excuse (pretext)'
! || singular || plural  
! || singular || plural  
|-
|-
! indefinite
! indefinite
| ''apolož'''a''''' || ''apolož'''es'''''
| ''abolož'''a''''' || ''abolož'''es'''''
|}
|}


Greek ending in ''-ma'' can have a plural in ''-mata'':
Greek ending in ''-ma'' can have a plural in ''-mada'':


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
|+''þėma'' 'topic'
|+''tėma'' 'topic'
! || singular || plural  
! || singular || plural  
|-
|-
! indefinite
! indefinite
| ''þėm'''a''''' || ''þėm'''es''''' / ''þėm'''ata'''''
| ''tėm'''a''''' || ''tėm'''es''''' / ''tėm'''ada'''''
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
|+''heta'' 'sin'
|+''heda'' 'sin'
! || singular || plural  
! || singular || plural  
|-
|-
! indefinite
! indefinite
| ''het'''a''''' || ''het'''es'''''
| ''hed'''a''''' || ''hed'''es'''''
|}
|}


=== Irregulars ===
=== Irregulars ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"  
|+''bennės'' 'human'
|+''vennės'' 'human'
! || singular || plural  
! || singular || plural  
|-
|-
! indefinite
! indefinite
| ''bennės'' || ''nės''
| ''vennės'' || ''nės''
|}
|}