Proto-Tungric: Difference between revisions

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Verbs in all of these classes may or may not have a ''j''-suffix in the present tense. Such verbs are said to be ''j''-presents, and may be light or heavy. This affects the present tense suffixes in much the same way as it does in nouns and adjectives.
Verbs in all of these classes may or may not have a ''j''-suffix in the present tense. Such verbs are said to be ''j''-presents, and may be light or heavy. This affects the present tense suffixes in much the same way as it does in nouns and adjectives.
 
====='''Class 1'''=====
'''Example: *''hanizi'' (class 3) "to sing"'''
'''Example (class 1): *''akizi'' "to do, act"'''
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| *han'''izi'''
| colspan="3"| *ak'''izi'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Present participle
! colspan="2" | Present participle
| colspan="3"| *han'''inþs'''
| colspan="3"| *ak'''inþs'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Present participle
! colspan="2" | Present participle
| colspan="3"| *han'''þaz'''
| colspan="3"| *ah'''taz'''
|-
|-
! !! colspan="4" | Present !! colspan="2"| Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
! !! colspan="4" | Present !! colspan="2"| Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
Line 1,211: Line 1,211:
|-
|-
! 1S
! 1S
| *han'''ō'''
| *ak'''jō'''
| *han'''ōr'''
| *ak'''jōr'''
| *han'''ǭ'''
| *ak'''jǭ'''
| *han'''ār'''
| *ak'''jār'''
| *hegan'''ai'''
| *ēk'''ai'''
| *hegan'''izǭ'''
| *ēk'''izǭ'''
|-
|-
! 2S
! 2S
| *han'''iz'''
| *ak'''iz'''
| *han'''izar'''
| *ak'''izar'''
| *han'''āz'''
| *ak'''jāz'''
| *han'''āzar'''
| *ak'''jāzar'''
| *hegan'''istai'''
| *ēk'''istai'''
| *hegan'''izēz'''
| *ēk'''izēz'''
| *han
| *ak
|-
|-
! 3S
! 3S
| *han'''id'''
| *ak'''id'''
| *han'''idar'''
| *ak'''idar'''
| *han'''ād'''
| *ak'''jād'''
| *han'''ādar'''
| *ak'''jādar'''
| *hegan'''id'''
| *ēk'''id'''
| *hegan'''izēd'''
| *ēk'''izēd'''
|-
|-
! 1P
! 1P
| *han'''amaz'''
| *ak'''jamaz'''
| rowspan="3"| *han'''iminai'''
| rowspan="3"| *ak'''iminai'''
| *han'''āmaz'''
| *ak'''jāmaz'''
| rowspan="3"| *han'''āminai'''
| rowspan="3"| *ak'''jāminai'''
| *hegan'''amaz'''
| *ēk'''amaz'''
| *hegan'''izēmaz'''
| *ēk'''izēmaz'''
|-
|-
! 2P
! 2P
| *han'''idiz'''
| *ak'''idiz'''
| *han'''ādiz'''
| *ak'''jādiz'''
| *hegan'''istiz'''
| *ēk'''istiz'''
| *hegan'''izēþiz'''
| *ēk'''izēþiz'''
| *han'''id'''
| *ak'''id'''
|-
|-
! 3P
! 3P
| *han'''and'''
| *ak'''jand'''
| *han'''ānd'''
| *ak'''jānd'''
| *hegan'''ēri'''
| *ak'''jēri'''
| *hegan'''izēnd'''
| *ak'''izēnd'''
|-
|-
|}
|}


'''Example (class 1, light ''j''-present): *''dahizi'' "to do, make"'''
'''Example (class 1, light ''j''-present): *''dahizi'' "to do, make"'''
Line 1,321: Line 1,320:
| *dag'''jēri'''
| *dag'''jēri'''
| *dag'''izēnd'''
| *dag'''izēnd'''
|-
|}
====='''Class 2'''=====
'''Example: *''þragizi'' (class 2) "to sing"'''
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| *þrag'''izi'''
|-
! colspan="2" | Present participle
| colspan="3"| *þrag'''inþs'''
|-
! colspan="2" | Present participle
| colspan="3"| *þrah'''taz'''
|-
! !! colspan="4" | Present !! colspan="2"| Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! !! colspan="2"| Indicative !! colspan="2" | Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! !! Active !! Passive !! Active !! Passive !! Active!! Active !! Active
|-
! 1S
| *þrag'''ō'''
| *þrag'''ōr'''
| *þrag'''ǭ'''
| *þrag'''ār'''
| *þrahs'''ai'''
| *þrahs'''izǭ'''
|-
! 2S
| *þrag'''iz'''
| *þrag'''izar'''
| *þrag'''āz'''
| *þrag'''āzar'''
| *þrahs'''istai'''
| *þrahs'''izēz'''
| *þrag
|-
! 3S
| *þrag'''id'''
| *þrag'''idar'''
| *þrag'''ād'''
| *þrag'''ādar'''
| *þrahs'''id'''
| *þrahs'''izēd'''
|-
! 1P
| *þrag'''amaz'''
| rowspan="3"| *þrag'''iminai'''
| *þrag'''āmaz'''
| rowspan="3"| *þrag'''āminai'''
| *þrahs'''amaz'''
| *þrahs'''izēmaz'''
|-
! 2P
| *þrag'''idiz'''
| *þrag'''ādiz'''
| *þrahs'''istiz'''
| *þrahs'''izēþiz'''
| *þrag'''id'''
|-
! 3P
| *þrag'''and'''
| *þrag'''ānd'''
| *þrahs'''ēri'''
| *þrahs'''izēnd'''
|-
|}
====='''Class 3''=====
'''Example: *''hanizi'' (class 3) "to sing"'''
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| *han'''izi'''
|-
! colspan="2" | Present participle
| colspan="3"| *han'''inþs'''
|-
! colspan="2" | Present participle
| colspan="3"| *han'''þaz'''
|-
! !! colspan="4" | Present !! colspan="2"| Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! !! colspan="2"| Indicative !! colspan="2" | Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! !! Active !! Passive !! Active !! Passive !! Active!! Active !! Active
|-
! 1S
| *han'''ō'''
| *han'''ōr'''
| *han'''ǭ'''
| *han'''ār'''
| *hegan'''ai'''
| *hegan'''izǭ'''
|-
! 2S
| *han'''iz'''
| *han'''izar'''
| *han'''āz'''
| *han'''āzar'''
| *hegan'''istai'''
| *hegan'''izēz'''
| *han
|-
! 3S
| *han'''id'''
| *han'''idar'''
| *han'''ād'''
| *han'''ādar'''
| *hegan'''id'''
| *hegan'''izēd'''
|-
! 1P
| *han'''amaz'''
| rowspan="3"| *han'''iminai'''
| *han'''āmaz'''
| rowspan="3"| *han'''āminai'''
| *hegan'''amaz'''
| *hegan'''izēmaz'''
|-
! 2P
| *han'''idiz'''
| *han'''ādiz'''
| *hegan'''istiz'''
| *hegan'''izēþiz'''
| *han'''id'''
|-
! 3P
| *han'''and'''
| *han'''ānd'''
| *hegan'''ēri'''
| *hegan'''izēnd'''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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