Moshurian: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{infobox language | ||
| image = [[File:Uthilikh-in-alphabet.png|300px]] | | image = [[File:Uthilikh-in-alphabet.png|300px]] | ||
| imagecaption = The Moshurian endonym(''uthilikh'') written in Moshurian script. | | imagecaption = The Moshurian endonym(''uthilikh'') written in Moshurian script. | ||
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| scripts = * Moshurian alphabet | | scripts = * Moshurian alphabet | ||
* Moshurian Romanisation | * Moshurian Romanisation | ||
| familycolor = | | familycolor = indo-European | ||
| fam1 = [[Proto-Yeldhic|Yeldhic]] | | fam1 = [[Proto-Yeldhic|Yeldhic]] | ||
| fam2 = Tiachbric | | fam2 = Tiachbric | ||
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It is one of the only surviving languages indigenous to the Munsanukh Valley, which is generally considered, alongside Tuloor Lake, to be the birthplace of the Moshurian race, culture and language. | It is one of the only surviving languages indigenous to the Munsanukh Valley, which is generally considered, alongside Tuloor Lake, to be the birthplace of the Moshurian race, culture and language. | ||
==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
Moshurian originates in Kóftąbriác Yeldha, the language spoken by the Paleoyeldhic people who first settled the Munsanukh<ref>''Munsanukh'' is a loanword from the indigenous Sudún language, ''*mzṹ'waẜn'', meaning "river through mountains".</ref> Valley following the eastern exodus of indigenous peoples. Eventually, a landslide blocked off any sort of entry or exit of the Munsanukh Valley save for the surrounding mountains and Tuloor Lake, forcing the Paleoyeldhic settlers to begin to congregate in larger "cities<ref>Translated from Zeror of Ilda's '' | Moshurian originates in Kóftąbriác Yeldha, the language spoken by the Paleoyeldhic people who first settled the Munsanukh<ref>''Munsanukh'' is a loanword from the indigenous Sudún language, ''*mzṹ'waẜn'', meaning "river through mountains".</ref> Valley following the eastern exodus of indigenous peoples. Eventually, a landslide blocked off any sort of entry or exit of the Munsanukh Valley save for the surrounding mountains and Tuloor Lake, forcing the Paleoyeldhic settlers to begin to congregate in larger "cities<ref>Translated from Zeror of Ilda's ''Ildaīsi Mondenikās'', where the word ''ogetöhmnudu''(''lit'' many houses built of wood) is used to probably refer to the congregated settlements of the Paleoyeldhic settlers.</ref>". These consecutive events over centuries eventually led to the establishment of Ťhàfhü, which further began to centralise the now incredibly diverse populations of the valley. | ||
The first mention of the Moshurians in literature was in Zeror of Ilda's<ref> | The first mention of the Moshurians in literature was in Zeror of Ilda's<ref>in 406 BH, during the golden age of Moshuria, Zeror of Ilda wrote the ''Ildaīsi Mondenikās''(''History of Ilda'', ''Ilda'' being a synonym for the wider eastern Talkoch coast.), which documented the history of eastern Talkoch as he knew it.</ref> ''Ildaīsi Mondenikās''. in the literary work, the Moshurians are called by various names: Zeror states that in his home region of Ilda, they are called the ''Tulōrii''(people of Tuloor (Lake)), while in neighbouring Maranösia they are known by their most common exonym, the ''Muẕorii''([[Ilda]]nified version of [[Ancient Yeldha]] ''möşhüř''). in the Mezcof Basin, they were apparently known by two names; ''Oētuɫii''<ref>From the Moshurian endonym, ''uthilikh''</ref> and ''Meizirii''<ref>How the exonym arrived in the Mezcof is unclear, although Zeror theorises that it may have been from the Piryētk word ''mud̪ēbe''.</ref>. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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The origin of the Moshurian alphabet is heavily debated. According to the ''Gécheb Bizörith'', the Moshurian alphabet was designed by a secret society called Akhakuöm, who took inspiration from the Tiragii military cuneiform. Eventually after the bust of Akhakuöm by the Moshurian state, the script was changed to fit the standard Moshurian dialect and re-issued as the government Moshurian alphabet. | The origin of the Moshurian alphabet is heavily debated. According to the ''Gécheb Bizörith'', the Moshurian alphabet was designed by a secret society called Akhakuöm, who took inspiration from the Tiragii military cuneiform. Eventually after the bust of Akhakuöm by the Moshurian state, the script was changed to fit the standard Moshurian dialect and re-issued as the government Moshurian alphabet. | ||
in the Sóvók religion, one of the books in the ''Idērigidwi'' claims that a man named Udeldoi presented a script to the king of Moshuria so as to record military victories for propaganda. | |||
Both of these interpretations are considered simply as urban legend, as orthographic analysis of the ''Izkanà''(one of the earliest Moshurian documents) by calligraphers showed that the early Moshurian alphabet had many similarities with the logographic Oalanii<ref>''Oalanii'' is an archeological term used to describe the Proto-Taskaric inhabitants of what is now the city of Oalan. Although the Oalanii had their own script, no surviving documentation mentions their actual endonym, so they are called the Oalanii after the city where the first archeological remains of ancient Oalan were found.</ref> script, which may have influenced Munsanukh orthographies as a whole. | Both of these interpretations are considered simply as urban legend, as orthographic analysis of the ''Izkanà''(one of the earliest Moshurian documents) by calligraphers showed that the early Moshurian alphabet had many similarities with the logographic Oalanii<ref>''Oalanii'' is an archeological term used to describe the Proto-Taskaric inhabitants of what is now the city of Oalan. Although the Oalanii had their own script, no surviving documentation mentions their actual endonym, so they are called the Oalanii after the city where the first archeological remains of ancient Oalan were found.</ref> script, which may have influenced Munsanukh orthographies as a whole. | ||
in fact, the glyph for /b/ may be descended from the Oalanii glyph for the word ''*ʔbVn'', meaning "tree", which influenced its shape. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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<small>''See also: [[Moshurian/Swadesh list]].''</small> | <small>''See also: [[Moshurian/Swadesh list]].''</small> | ||
===Tenses=== | ===Tenses=== | ||
in Moshurian, there are four main tenses- the present, the future, the far future and the simple past. To indicate that a phrase is in a certain tense, an ''indicator'' is used just before the object, e.g. '''''öş''' gersetigéd kestolék''(I built a house). | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Tense indicators | |+ Tense indicators | ||
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! !! '''Singular''' !! '''Plural''' | ! !! '''Singular''' !! '''Plural''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''infinitive''' ||colspan="2"| ''-omh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''First person''' || ''-ék(-ïk)'' || ''-ékeŋ(-ïkeŋ)'' | | '''First person''' || ''-ék(-ïk)'' || ''-ékeŋ(-ïkeŋ)'' | ||
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#: ''grass-ACC PL cow(PL) eat-3PL.'' | #: ''grass-ACC PL cow(PL) eat-3PL.'' | ||
#:: ''Cows eat grass.'' | #:: ''Cows eat grass.'' | ||
in this sentence, ''[[Contionary:sö|sö]]géd'' is the object, ''[[Contionary:mosok|mosok]]'' is the subject, and ''[[Contionary:dáfhéromh|dáfhér]]éiméş'' is the verb with inflection. in noun phrases, Moshurian still uses the object-subject-verb structure. | |||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
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#: ''grass-ACC IMP no eat.ROOT!'' | #: ''grass-ACC IMP no eat.ROOT!'' | ||
#:: ''Do not eat the grass!'' | #:: ''Do not eat the grass!'' | ||
in imperative verb phrases, the ''imperative indicator'', ''duà'', is put before the verb, as ''ché'' is still considered, at least grammatically, part of the verb when present. Additionally, verbs take on their '''root''' form, as opposed to their infinitive form in said sentence type. | |||
in this sentence, ''[[Contionary:sö|sö]]géd'' is the object, and the verb is ''[[Contionary:dáfhéromh|dáfhér]]''. The subject does not appear and is instead implied to be the recipient of the imperative phrase. | |||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||
==Dialects== | ==Dialects== | ||
===Standard dialect=== | ===Standard dialect=== | ||
The standard dialect of Moshurian is, according to the Ministry of Linguistic Regulation(MLR), officially the Taráhus dialect spoken in the capital, although Tárahus is so large that several districts have developed their own dialects, many of which who are vastly different from each other, so it is still unclear on which is considered the standard within the family of Taráhus dialects. | The standard dialect of Moshurian is, according to the Ministry of Linguistic Regulation(MLR), officially the Taráhus dialect spoken in the capital, although Tárahus is so large that several districts have developed their own dialects, many of which who are vastly different from each other, so it is still unclear on which is considered the standard within the family of Taráhus dialects. | ||
==== | ====inner Taráhus dialect==== | ||
The | The inner Taráhus dialect is generally considered by Moshurian linguistics to be what the MLR constitution means in the line: <blockquote>"''[...] The dialect '''spoken around the capitol and the [MLR]''' shall be considered the dialect to be used for the transmission of necessary information to Moshurian citizens. For non-Moshurian areas of the Empire, the standard [dialect]<ref>The original constitution uses the word "edition"(''[[Contionary:kuchbarà|kuchbarà]]'') to refer to standard dialects of minority languages, which is kind of confusing.</ref> of the most prominent non-Moshurian language shall be used to convey said information.''"</blockquote> | ||
However, this quote can be considered quite vague, as the MLR and the wider capitol has changed location many times in Taráhus. One year, the MLR headquarters was located in the district of Oźmaneli, where a borderline unintelligible dialect of Moshurian is spoken, and, for that year, the bizarre Oźmaneli dialect was considered the standard, causing great confusion to non-Oźmanelis. | However, this quote can be considered quite vague, as the MLR and the wider capitol has changed location many times in Taráhus. One year, the MLR headquarters was located in the district of Oźmaneli, where a borderline unintelligible dialect of Moshurian is spoken, and, for that year, the bizarre Oźmaneli dialect was considered the standard, causing great confusion to non-Oźmanelis. | ||
====Oźmaneli dialect==== | ====Oźmaneli dialect==== | ||
The Oźmaneli dialect is a dialect spoken in the inner city district of Oźmaneli. It has garnered much attention from linguists, as its pronunciation is widely different from typical pronunciation. Here are just a few differences between the | The Oźmaneli dialect is a dialect spoken in the inner city district of Oźmaneli. It has garnered much attention from linguists, as its pronunciation is widely different from typical pronunciation. Here are just a few differences between the inner Taráhus and Oźmaneli dialects: | ||
=====Phonetic differences===== | =====Phonetic differences===== | ||
in general, the pattern seems to be that voiceless consonants tend to get voiced, but this is not always the case. | |||
* /ŋ/ is pronounced [ɳ] or [ɟ]<ref>Why /ŋ/ is pronounced [ɟ] is one of the greatest mysteries of Moshurian.</ref> | * /ŋ/ is pronounced [ɳ] or [ɟ]<ref>Why /ŋ/ is pronounced [ɟ] is one of the greatest mysteries of Moshurian.</ref> | ||
* /x/ is pronounced [ɣ] | * /x/ is pronounced [ɣ] | ||
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* Standard ''[[Contionary:mosok|mosok]]'' ⇒ Oźmaneli ''mudźuk''. | * Standard ''[[Contionary:mosok|mosok]]'' ⇒ Oźmaneli ''mudźuk''. | ||
* Standard ''[[Contionary:pusadi|pusadi]]'' ⇒ Oźmaneli ''bsédodifh''. | * Standard ''[[Contionary:pusadi|pusadi]]'' ⇒ Oźmaneli ''bsédodifh''. | ||
* Standard ''[[Contionary:uthilikh|uthilikh]]'' ⇒ Oźmaneli ''utuɟul'' | * Standard ''[[Contionary:uthilikh|uthilikh]]'' ⇒ Oźmaneli ''utuɟul''. | ||
* Standard ''[[Contionary:surus|surus]]/[[Contionary:zazuŋ|zazuŋ]]'' ⇒ Oźmaneli ''şild/soéş''. | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||