Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions

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===Pre-Liquid Stop Insertion===
===Pre-Liquid Stop Insertion===
This is a persistent phonological rule that operated optionally in the Gothic period, but became mandatory sometime before Old Valthungian metathesis, affecting all of the resulting /NL/ and /sr/ clusters. Later, in the Middle Valthungian period, stop insertion is able to cross morpheme boundaries, occurring after prefixes like ''in‑'', ''an‑'', or ''un‑''. This remains a persistent rule in the phonotactics of the language to the present.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|350ᴀᴅ: Stops Inserted before Liquids in Clusters
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Type:
| Phonemic
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule:
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''∅ → b,d / N___L<br />∅ → t / s___r'''</span><br />
''“A homorganic stop is inserted between a nasal consonant or /s/ and a following liquid (!s_l).”''
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive:
| ml → mbl<br />
mr → mbr<br />
nl → ndl<br />
nr → ndr<br />
sr → str
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Notes:
| ''Already present (optional) in Gothic (cf ''[[wikt: 𐍄𐌹𐌼𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽|timrjan/timbrjan]])''
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples:
|
{| class="wikitable"
!width=100| &nbsp;
!width=150| ‘to build’
!width=150| ‘spring’
!width=150| ‘north’
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''temrijaną''<br />[te'''mr'''ijanã]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''wasrą''<br />[wa'''sr'''ã]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''nurþą''<br />[nurθã]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth:
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| ''timrjan''~''timbrjan''<br />[tɪ'''m(b)r'''jan]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''wasr''<br />[wa'''sr̩''']
|style="text-align: center;"| ''naurþ''<br />[nɔrθ]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut:
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''timbrjan''<br />[tɪ'''mbr'''jan]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''wasr''<br />[wa'''sr̩''']
|style="text-align: center;"| *''norþ''<br />[nɔrθ]
|-
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| Meta:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''timbrjan''<br />[tɪ'''mbr'''jan]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''wasr''<br />[wa'''sr̩''']
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''nroþ''<br />[nrɔθ]
|-
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| Stop Ins.:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''timbrjan''<br />[tɪ'''mbr'''jan]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''wastr''<br />[wa'''str̩''']
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''ndroþ''<br />[ndrɔθ]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''timbrjan''<br />[tɪmbrjan]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''vastr''<br />[wastr̩]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''nroþ''¹<br />[ndrɔθ]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''timbrjen''<br />[tɪmbrjən]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''wastʀ''<br />[wastr̩]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''droðþ''<br />[drɔθ]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''timbrin''<br />[timbrin]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''wastra''<br />[ʋastra]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''droþ''<br />[dro̞θ]
|}
¹ It is assumed that this sound shift was completed immediately after metathesis, but Old Valthungian spelling conventions usually do not show it when word-initial (e.g. ''nroþ'' ‘north’, ''mrogins'' ‘morning’, ''nravgz'' ‘anxious’
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence:
| persistent until Middle Valthungian Expansion.
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Chronological Considerations:
|style="vertical-align: text-top;"| Occurs optionally in Gothic. Must become mandatory before metathesis. Remains persistent until [[#Expansion of Stop Insertion|Middle Valthungian Expansion of Stop Insertion]] change allowing the rule to cross morpheme boundaries.
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory:
| (''Unchanged, but phonotactics change; /NL/ and /sr/ clusters no longer allowed.'')
|}
===Geminate Collapse I===
===Geminate Collapse I===
===Spirantisation II===
===Spirantisation II===
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