Valthungian: Difference between revisions

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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a''' ||align="center"| slēp'''s ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''is ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a ''' ||align="center"| slēp ||align="center"| slēp'''as ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''ma ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''nas ''' || ‘''sleep''’
|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a''' ||align="center"| slēp'''s ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''is ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a ''' ||align="center"| slēp ||align="center"| slēp'''as ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''a ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''ma ''' ||align="center"| slēp'''nas ''' || ‘''sleep''’
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|colspan=8| ''This is the default declension of the a-stem paradigm. Note the metathesis in the endings on the dative and accusative plural.'' ||
|colspan=8| <small>This is the default declension of the a-stem paradigm. Note the metathesis in the endings on the dative and accusative plural.</small> ||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.syl''' ||align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">a</span>s''' ||align="center"| akr'''is''' ||align="center"| akr'''a''' ||align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">a</span>''' ||align="center"| akr'''as''' ||align="center"| akr'''a''' ||align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">am</span>''' ||align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">an</span>s''' || ‘''field''’
|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.syl''' ||align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">a</span>s''' ||align="center"| akr'''is''' ||align="center"| akr'''a''' ||align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">a</span>''' ||align="center"| akr'''as''' ||align="center"| akr'''a''' ||align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">am</span>''' ||align="center"| akr'''<span style="color:red">an</span>s''' || ‘''field''’
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|colspan=8| ''For those nouns ending in a syllabic sonorant in Gothic (r, l, m, or n), a vowel must be added to certain endings. Consquently, the metathesis observed in the default form is undone. (Or, more accurately, is blocked from occurring in the first place.)'' ||
|colspan=8| <small>For those nouns ending in a syllabic sonorant in Gothic (‹r›, ‹l›, ‹m›, or ‹n›), a vowel must be added to certain endings (indicated in red). Consquently, the metathesis observed in the default form is undone. (Or, more accurately, is blocked from occurring in the first place.) </small> ||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Vba/fa ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:red">f</span>s''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:red">f</span>''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>ma''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>nas''' || ‘''bread''’
|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Vba/fa ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:red">f</span>s''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:red">f</span>''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>ma''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">v</span>nas''' || ‘''bread''’
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|colspan=8| ''For roots ending in b, it is devoiced in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic). /b/ is sprrantized (that is, becomes /v/) in the rest of the endings.  In the case of those roots ending in f, the /f/ is voiced in the same environment that /b/ is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.'' ||
|colspan=8| <small>For roots ending in ‹b›, it is devoiced to ‹f› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹b› is spirantized (that is, becomes ‹v›) in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue.  (This was the case in Gothic as well, though the spirantization was not indicated in writing.) In the case of those roots ending in ‹f›, the ‹f› is voiced to ‹v› in the same environment that ‹b› is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.</small> ||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Vda/þa ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>s''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>is''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>as''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>ma''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>nas''' || ‘''fortune''’
|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Vda/þa ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>s''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>is''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:red">þ</span>''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>as''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>ma''' ||align="center"| ǭ'''<span style="color:blue">ð</span>nas''' || ‘''fortune''’
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|colspan=8| ''ð/þ alternation after a vowel'' ||
|colspan=8| <small>Same idea as above. For roots ending in ‹d›, it is devoiced to ‹þ› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹d› is spirantized (that is, becomes ‹ð›) in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue.  (This was the case in Gothic as well, though the spirantization was not indicated in writing.) In the case of those roots ending in ‹þ›, the ‹þ› is voiced to ‹ð› in the same environment that ‹d› is spirantized, so as far as Gutish is concerned, these two paradigms are identical.</small> ||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Vza ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:red">s_</span>''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>is''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:red">s</span>''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>as''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>ma ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>nas''' || ‘''spear''’
|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Vza ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:red">s_</span>''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>is''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:red">s</span>''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>as''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>ma ||align="center"| gǣ'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>nas''' || ‘''spear''’
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|colspan=8| ''z/s alternation after a vowel'' ||
|colspan=8| <small>Same idea as above, with an extra twist. For roots ending in ‹ž›, it is devoiced to ‹s› in the nominative and accusative singular (at a time before Gothic), indicated in red. ‹ž› remains in the rest of the endings, indicated in blue. In addition to the devoicing in the nominative and accusative, the nominative ending ‹s› is deleted or assimilated.</small> ||
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|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Cza ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:red">s_</span>''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>is''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:red">s</span>''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>as''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span><span style="color:red">am</span> ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span><span style="color:red">ans</span>''' || ‘''shoulder''’
|align="right" rowspan=2 valign="top"| '''n.st.m.a.Cza ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:red">s_</span>''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>is''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:red">s</span>''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>as''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span>a''' ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span><span style="color:red">am</span> ||align="center"| am'''<span style="color:blue">ž</span><span style="color:red">ans</span>''' || ‘''shoulder''’
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