Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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(Irregular plurals) |
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| '''Locative''' || māre || mārilīm || mārilīm || || javiliye || javililīm || javililīm || || camve || camuilīm || camuilīm || || xamie || xamīlīm || xamīlīm || || lile || laile || laile | | '''Locative''' || māre || mārilīm || mārilīm || || javiliye || javililīm || javililīm || || camve || camuilīm || camuilīm || || xamie || xamīlīm || xamīlīm || || lile || laile || laile | ||
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===Exceptions for duals and plurals==== | |||
A few Chlouvānem nouns have irregular plurals: | |||
* The word ''chlouvānem'' itself is plural-only and irregular; direct and vocative are in ''-em'', but all other cases decline as a standard plural 1h noun (e.g. accusative ''chlouvānānu'', ergative ''chlouvānān'', genitive ''chlouvānumi''); | |||
* ''maila'' “water” does not have a dual form outside of colloquial use (where mailadi is used with the meaning of “two glasses of water” and has the irregular plural ''mailtiąa''. It declines as a ''singular'' 1h noun, with two exceptions, namely accusative in ''-ąu'' instead of expected *-ahu and genitive in ''-ąi'' instead of expected *-ahi. This plural form is actually common, used when talking about bodies of water in an area, water layers, glasses of water, and a few minor idiomatic uses (e.g. ''taili mailtiahe hilæflulke'', lit. “to arrive by crossing many waters”, meaning “to have had much experience”). | |||
* There are some pluralia tantum: ''pārye'' “hair”, ''kāraṇḍhai'' “guts”, and all ethnonyms; also ''agṇyaucai'' (perfect exterior participle, parrot plural, of ''gṇyauke'' “to give birth”) when used with the meaning of “sons and daughters”. | |||
* A few nouns are singularia tantum: ''hærṣūs'' “lips”, ''maula'' “breasts”, ''kanai'' “spices”, ''paʔeh'' “dust”, ''nāmvāvi'' “dust (made by crushing something)”, ''måris'' “ash”, ''ñailūh'' “ice”. | |||
* Dvandva compounds are usually all dual and pluralizable - like ''yāṇḍamaišñukam'' “genitals”, or also many dyadic kinship terms (e.g. ''maihāmeinā'' “daughter and mother”) - but some of them are inherently “singular” and therefore are dual only, like ''lillamurḍhyāyunya'' (how some philosophical Yunyalīlti currents refer to the yunya “nature” and the ''lillamurḍhyā'' “natural harmony” as two aspects of the same thing). Note that dual inflections are not present on the noun itself in direct and vocative forms. | |||
* Toponyms (except inherently dual or plural ones), personal names, and miscellaneous things that are semantically only singular (like many Yunyalīlti concepts, e.g. ''yunya'' or ''lillamurḍhyā'') are found exclusively in the singular. | |||
==Adjectives and adverbs== | ==Adjectives and adverbs== | ||