Af Mexee: Difference between revisions
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====Case==== | ====Case==== | ||
Af Mexee has absolutive, nominative, and | Af Mexee has absolutive, nominative, genitive, and vocative cases. Case is indicated primarily by tonation. Unless otherwise stated, tonation applies to the plural in the same way as the singular. Special rules apply to words with k/t determiners (see below). | ||
*'''Absolutive''': The default citation form of a noun. If a high tone is present, feminine nouns often have it finally, while masculine nouns tend to have it penultimately. However, this is not a rule but only a general tendency. | *'''Absolutive''': The default citation form of a noun. If a high tone is present, feminine nouns often have it finally, while masculine nouns tend to have it penultimately. However, this is not a rule but only a general tendency. | ||
*'''Nominative''': Formed by removing any high tones in the word. | *'''Nominative''': Formed by removing any high tones in the word. | ||
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**Many nouns (especially feminine) also have an "indefinite genitive", which is formed with ''-eéd'', ''-aád'', or ''-oód''. ''-eéd'' is the most common. ''-oód'' is used for plurals (especially after a cardinal number). ''-aád'' is mostly used to form ordinal numeral. | **Many nouns (especially feminine) also have an "indefinite genitive", which is formed with ''-eéd'', ''-aád'', or ''-oód''. ''-eéd'' is the most common. ''-oód'' is used for plurals (especially after a cardinal number). ''-aád'' is mostly used to form ordinal numeral. | ||
::e.g. ''dhár naagh<b>eéd</b>'' "women's clothes (in general)" vs. ''dhár naág'' "clothes of a (specific) woman" | ::e.g. ''dhár naagh<b>eéd</b>'' "women's clothes (in general)" vs. ''dhár naág'' "clothes of a (specific) woman" | ||
*'''Vocative''': There are two ways of forming the vocative. | |||
**'''Tonal vocative''': Formed with a high tone in the initial mora (and no other high tones). Instead of regular plural suffixes, the plural takes the suffix ''-eyaal'' (eliding any final vowels). | |||
**'''Suffixed vocative''': Formed with a suffix. There are two types. | |||
***"Name" vocatives: have high tone and remove any present in the word. | |||
****Masculine: ''-ów'' (any final vowels are elided) | |||
****Feminine: ''-éey'' (ending in consonant or ''-e'') / ''-óoy'' (ending in ''-o'') / ''-áay'' (ending in ''-a'') | |||
****Plural: ''-oónyów / -yáalów'' (short plurals act as masculine singulars) | |||
***"Noun" vocatives: do not affect tonation of word. | |||
****Masculine: ''-yow'' | |||
****Feminine: ''-yey'' | |||
****Plural: ''-oonyow / -yaalyey'' | |||
Special cases: | Special cases: | ||
*'''Plural''': | *'''Plural''': As already stated, the plural is affected similarly as the singular except in specific cases. | ||
::e.g. ''nimoóyn'' "men <small>(ABS)</small>", ''nimooyn'' "men <small>(NOM)</small>", ''nimooýn'' "men <small>(GEN)</small>" | ::e.g. ''nimoóyn'' "men <small>(ABS)</small>", ''nimooyn'' "men <small>(NOM)</small>", ''nimooýn'' "men <small>(GEN)</small>" | ||
*'''K/t determiners''': When a noun has a k/t determiner with a tone, only the tone of the determiner is affected. If it has no high tone in the absolutive, the word behaves as it would without the determiner. | *'''K/t determiners''': When a noun has a k/t determiner with a tone, only the tone of the determiner is affected. If it has no high tone in the absolutive, the word behaves as it would without the determiner. | ||