Qino: Difference between revisions
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*'''Absolutive''': Citation form, used for the direct object of a verb, the object of prepositions and most postpositions, and predicative nouns. Personal pronouns have a distinct accusative form that is used for direct objects. | *'''Absolutive''': Citation form, used for the direct object of a verb, the object of prepositions and most postpositions, and predicative nouns. Personal pronouns have a distinct accusative form that is used for direct objects. | ||
*'''Nominative''': Used for the subject of a verb. Formed as follows: | *'''Nominative''': Used for the subject of a verb. Formed as follows: | ||
**Absolutive ending in consonant, ''-a'', or ''-o'': ''-ú'' | **Absolutive ending in consonant, ''-a'', or ''-o'': ''-ú'' - e.g. ''nama'' "person" → ''namú'' | ||
**Absolutive ending in ''-e'' or ''-i'': ''-í'' | **Absolutive ending in ''-e'' or ''-i'': ''-í'' - e.g. ''shimmirti'' "bird (sing.)" → ''shimmirtí'' | ||
**Absolutive ending in a long vowel: ''-n'' | **Absolutive ending in a long vowel: ''-n'' | ||
*'''Genitive''': Used for possession ("of") and the object of some postpositions. | *'''Genitive''': Used for possession ("of") and the object of some postpositions. | ||
**Absolutive ending in consonant or ''-a'': penultimate high tone + ''-i'' | **Absolutive ending in consonant or ''-a'': penultimate high tone + ''-i'' - e.g. ''nama'' → ''námi'' | ||
**Absolutive ending in other vowel: penultimate high tone | **Absolutive ending in other vowel: penultimate high tone - e.g. ''qino'' → ''qíno'' | ||
*'''Dative''': Used for recipient, benefactor, purpose ("to" or "for"). | *'''Dative''': Used for recipient, benefactor, purpose ("to" or "for"). | ||
**Absolutive ending in consonant or ''-a'': ''-oo'' | **Absolutive ending in consonant or ''-a'': ''-oo'' - e.g. ''nama'' → ''namoo'' | ||
**Absolutive ending in other short vowel: lengthen final vowel | **Absolutive ending in other short vowel: lengthen final vowel - e.g. ''shimmirti'' → ''shimmirtii'' | ||
**Absolutive ending in long vowel: ''-noo'' | **Absolutive ending in long vowel: ''-noo'' | ||
**Independent form: ''oo'' | **Independent form: ''oo'' | ||
*'''Ablative''': Used for source ("from"). | *'''Ablative''': Used for source ("from"). | ||