Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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* ''huliāyausis'' (glowing in the dark; visible as the moon) → ''huliāyausīkṣasis'' (recognizable, easy to recognize)
* ''huliāyausis'' (glowing in the dark; visible as the moon) → ''huliāyausīkṣasis'' (recognizable, easy to recognize)


===General prefixes===
===Prefixes===
''[examples in this section to be added soon]''
'''Prefixes''' are a major part of Chlouvānem derivational morphology. Most of them are the same as for positional and motion verbs — [[Chlouvānem#Positional_verbs|for their formation and use,]] [[Chlouvānem#Origin_prefixes|see the related section.]] Most prefixes are used with verbs, and are found with nouns only in derived forms; some of them, however, can be used also or exclusively with nouns and adjectives. Prefixes derive usually from Proto-Lahob, but a few chiefly nominal ones are from Ancient Kūṣṛmāthi words.<br/>
Here follows a complete list of '''all''' prefixes used in Chlouvānem and their meaning. When two prefixes are divided by a wave dash, the first is ''lative'' and the second is ''ablative''; <small>NOM</small> marks meanings of nouns derived with that prefix.


Some prefixes may be used with all parts of speech. Most of them derive from Ancient Kūṣṛmāthi words, or from otherwise lost Proto-Lahob ones.
====Positional and motional prefixes====
* ''ta- 〜 tų-'' - generic direction

* ''ān- 〜 yana-'' - on, above
* ''šu- 〜 šer-'' - under, below
* ''khl- 〜 kelь-'' - between
* ''gin- 〜 ją-'' - among
* ''nī- 〜 ani-'' - within/from within inside
* ''ū(b)- 〜 yom-'' - close to
* ''bis- 〜 bara-'' - far, away
* ''tad- 〜 tasi-'' - attached to; against
* ''įs- 〜 hos-'' - hanging
* ''na(ñ)- 〜 neni-'' - inside
* ''kau- 〜 kuvi-'' - outside
* ''viṣ- 〜 vyeṣa-'' - opposite; somewhere else
* ''kami- 〜 kįla-'' - around
* ''prь- 〜 paro-'' - behind
* ''mai- 〜 mīram-'' - in front of
* ''vai- 〜 vea-'' - in a corner; bordering; at the limit
* ''ėle- 〜 ora-'' - next to; along; on the side of
* ''lā(d)- 〜 lo(d)-'' - in the center of
* ''vyā- 〜 veši-'' - left
* ''māha- 〜 mege-'' - right
* ''pid-'' - facing (positional only)
* ''nilь-'' - towards the center; inwards; convergent movement
* ''vād-'' - away from the center; outwards; divergent movement


'''o-''' ('''os-''' before a vowel) indicates "pre", "proto-", something that precedes something else:
====Motional prefixes====
* ''dældā'' (language) → ''odældā'' (proto-language)
* ''be- 〜 ter-'' - along the surface
*  
* ''gala- 〜 hali-'' - through, across
* ''naš-'' - completely, until the end; <small>NOM:</small> omni-, pan-, entirely
* ''vod-'' - avoiding
* ''paṣ-'' - ahead, beyond; also <small>NOM:</small> further, again, re-
* ''sam-'' - movement to the following place/person/object in a set; <small>NOM:</small> after, post-


'''sam-''' means "after-", or "post-", and is nearly the exact antonym of ''o-'':
====Verbal-only prefixes====
* ''dīd-'' (to know someone) → ''saṃdīd-'' (to discover something about someone after that would have been relevant/once that person is not anymore part of someone's life)
* ''tæ(m)-'' - inceptive/inchoative
* ''yartām'' ([early] morning) → ''samyartām'' (late morning)
* ''raš-'' - to do something a bit more than needed (''ral-'' or ''rar-'' before voiced consonants)
* ''dįba'' (kick) → ''saṃdįba'' (pain felt after receiving a kick)
* ''yā-'' - too much
* ''iva-'' - completely, also intensive
* ''nare-'' - applicative (''nar-'' before another prefix)
* ''min-'' - transitivizer of intransitive verbs


'''tailь-''' roughly corresponds to "multi-" or "pluri-":
====Other prefixes====
* ''milgya-'' (to experience something) → ''tailьmilgya-'' (to have a déjà-vu)
* ''o-'' - before, pre-, proto-, preceding (''os-'' before vowels)
* ''daradhūs'' (verb) → ''tailьgirdaradhūs'' (multidirectional verb)
* ''tailь-'' - multi-, pluri-
* ''vaḍa'' (part) → ''tailьvaḍausis'' (complex)
* ''lail-'' or ''tūt-'' (alternative forms ''laili-'' and ''tūtu-'') - one, mono-, uni-, homo-
 
* ''lani-'' - same, fellow
'''lail-''' ('''laili-''') and '''tūt-''' ('''tūtu-''') both mean "one", "mono-", "uni-", "homo-". The first prefix is of native Chlouvānem origin, the other is Ancient Kūṣṛmāthi:
* ''vre-'' - bad
* ''dældā'' (language) → ''tūtudældausis'' (monolingual)
* ''demi-'' - self-
*  
 
'''paṣ-''' means "further", "more", or "again", "re-":
* ''dhokam'' (meaning) → ''paṣṭhokam'' (hyperonym)
* ''dīd-'' (to know someone) → ''paṣadīd-'' (to get to know someone better)
* ''ṣådh-'' (to be big [bodily]) → ''pakṣådh-'' (to be overweight)
 
'''naš-''' means "entirely", "completely", "omni-", "pan-", or can also have an intensive meaning (though '''cam-''' is more common for the latter):
 
'''lani-''' means "same":
* ''cerṇūṣah'' (homeland) → ''lanicerṇūṣīn'' (fellow countryman)
* ''pūnīn'' (worker) → ''lanipūnīn'' (colleague)
* ''ta-tiā-'' (to stand) → ''lanitatiāšam'' (tie <small>(as in ''standing with the same amount of points'')</small>)
 
'''vād-''' means "various", "varied", also "down":
* ''kul-'' (to say) → ''vāgdul-'' (to vote)
 
'''vre-''' means "bad":
 
'''demi-''', meaning "self", is sometimes counted as a prefix, but is often considered a compound with ''demi'', the reflexive pronoun:
* ''tadmālas'' (limitation, constrainedness, control) → ''demitadmālas'' (self-limitation (one of the main Yunyalīlti virtues))
* ''kaudaranah'' (kill) → ''demikaudaranah'' (suicide)
* ''kamidīdeh'' (better knowledge of someone) → ''demikamidīdeh'' (self-knowledge (another Yunyalīlti virtue))


===Specific terms===
===Specific terms===
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