User:Waahlis/Sandbox/Ris: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "==Morphosyntactic alignment and the core cases== [[Image:Control-argument-qri.png|right|thumb|A table of the Ris control and volition distinction in the core arguments, illust...") |
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===Inverse marking: Unergatives and unaccusatives=== | ===Inverse marking: Unergatives and unaccusatives=== | ||
[[Image:Alignment-qri.png|right|thumb|An illustration of the Ris alignment of verbal arguments, as a function of control, unergatives and unaccusatives.|450px]] | [[Image:Alignment-qri.png|right|thumb|An illustration of the Ris alignment of verbal arguments, as a function of control, unergatives and unaccusatives.|450px]] | ||
Not all intransitive verbs are marked as described above. This only applies to Ris unaccusative verbs. The Ris unergative verbs instead inverse the marking, using the agentive as a default, low-control marking, and the patientive for high-control subjects. | |||
An unaccusative verb is a verb that has an experiencer as its subject, that is; the syntactic subject is not a semantic agent. When the subject is marked with the agentive, the agency, control and volition is increased, and it in effect becomes unergative. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Ekrasi mākhina. | |||
|IPA = /ˈɛkrasːi maːˈkʰɪna/ | |||
|morphemes = ekras-{{blue|i}} mākhina-{{blue|∅}} | |||
|gloss = to crash.ACT.IND.PRFV-{{blue|PAT}}.3.SG | |||
|translation = The car crashed. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Anēr psānisti. | |||
|IPA = /ˈaneːr psaːˈnɪstɪ/ | |||
|morphemes = anēr-{{blue|∅}} psān-ist-{{blue|ɪ}} | |||
|gloss = mother.I-PAT.SG to cry.ACT.IND-IMPV-{{blue|PAT}}.3.SG | |||
|translation = I fell. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Ngaos. | |||
|IPA = /ŋgaˈos/ | |||
|morphemes = nga-{{red|os}} | |||
|gloss = to sleep.ACT.IND.PRFV-{{red|AGT}}.1.SG | |||
|translation = I am trying to sleep. | |||
}} | |||
Unergatives are intransitive verbs and have an agent as their subject. | |||