Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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The rules for second person pronouns are mostly fairly easy. There are usually two contexts: formal and informal.  
The rules for second person pronouns are mostly fairly easy. There are usually two contexts: formal and informal.  


Formal pronouns are three and (in contemporary Chlouvānem) invariable for gender, but they vary for relative rank instead: '''nani''' is used towards a superior, '''ravi''' towards one of the same rank, and '''kūri''' towards a lower ranked person (until the mid-Fourth Era, ''nani'' was strictly feminine and ''kūri'' strictly masculine, and the rules for all three varied also according to the relative genders). '''naiše''', '''raude''', and '''kūrḍe''' are their respective dual forms.<br/>
Plural second person pronouns are usually two: '''yakaliyātam''' is used towards the representative of a specifically defined group - an institution or a company -, while '''yavyāta''' (but also ''nani'') is used for less defined groups.
Formal pronouns are three and (in contemporary Chlouvānem) invariable for gender, but they vary for relative rank instead: '''nani''' is used towards a superior, '''ravi''' towards one of the same rank, and '''kūri''' towards a lower ranked person (until around 6350, ''nani'' was strictly feminine and ''kūri'' strictly masculine, and the rules for all three varied also according to the relative genders). '''naiše''', '''raude''', and '''kūrḍe''' are their respective dual forms.<br/>
Plural second person pronouns are usually two: '''yakaliyātam''' is used towards the representative of a specifically defined group - an institution or a company -, while '''yavyāta''' (but also ''nani'') is used for less defined groups.


There are, however, more formal second-person pronouns with a limited use. All of these (here listed in Latin alphabetical order), unless noted, are morphologically nouns, but they are used with second person verbs anyway:

There are, however, more formal second-person pronouns with a limited use. All of these (here listed in Latin alphabetical order), unless noted, are morphologically nouns, but they are used with second person verbs anyway:

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* '''lalla yobrausa''' is used exclusively for the Great Inquisitor.

* '''lalla yobrausa''' is used exclusively for the Great Inquisitor.

* '''ṣari''', nowadays mostly old-fashioned, was used by guests towards homeowners and also by soldiers towards their superiors. It also meant, aside from being a pronoun, "landowner" or "head of a non-religious state"; in contemporary Chlouvānem it mostly only survives as a vocative expression towards homeowners when used by guests<ref>It also survives as a morpheme in some words, most notably ''ṣarivāṇa'' "state, country".</ref>.
* '''ṣari''', nowadays mostly old-fashioned, was used by guests towards homeowners and also by soldiers towards their superiors. It also meant, aside from being a pronoun, "landowner" or "head of a non-religious state"; in contemporary Chlouvānem it mostly only survives as a vocative expression towards homeowners when used by guests<ref>It also survives as a morpheme in some words, most notably ''ṣarivāṇa'' "state, country".</ref>.
* '''ūttuka''' is today only used in parts of the Northeast (aside by fictional characters in historical settings), but until the early Fourth Era was a common pronoun word used by servants towards their superiors, particularly landowners (it thus partially overlapped with ''ṣari'').
* '''ūttuka''' is today only used in parts of the Northeast (aside by fictional characters in historical settings), but until about 6300 was a common pronoun word used by servants towards their superiors, particularly landowners (it thus partially overlapped with ''ṣari'').
* '''yobrausa''' — see ''gopūrṭhami brausa'' above.
* '''yobrausa''' — see ''gopūrṭhami brausa'' above.


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