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*Affirmative: ''haa'' + "Jussive affirmative" - e.g. ''haa yarkú'' "let him see!" | *Affirmative: ''haa'' + "Jussive affirmative" - e.g. ''haa yarkú'' "let him see!" | ||
*Negative: ''ma'' + "Jussive negative" - e.g. ''ma yarkinú'' "let him not see!" | *Negative: ''ma'' + "Jussive negative" - e.g. ''ma yarkinú'' "let him not see!" | ||
=====Compound Tenses===== | =====Compound Tenses===== | ||
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Patient nouns are formed by adding agent suffixes to stative passive or to ''-am-'' passive - e.g. ''arkanaa'' "one who is seen (''m.'')", ''arkameeya'' "those who are seen". The two forms (i.e. stative vs ''-am-'' passive) have slightly different connotations. For example, ''arkanaa'' might refer to someone who is being seen at the moment, while ''arkamaa'' might refer to someone who is regularly seen. | Patient nouns are formed by adding agent suffixes to stative passive or to ''-am-'' passive - e.g. ''arkanaa'' "one who is seen (''m.'')", ''arkameeya'' "those who are seen". The two forms (i.e. stative vs ''-am-'' passive) have slightly different connotations. For example, ''arkanaa'' might refer to someone who is being seen at the moment, while ''arkamaa'' might refer to someone who is regularly seen. | ||
===Numbers=== | |||
====Cardinal Numbers==== | |||
When used with a noun, the dependent forms are used. When used as a pronoun, the independent forms are used. All numbers are grammatically feminine except for one, which can be either gender. The masculine form of one (i.e. ''mitta'') is used for counting. | |||
Cardinal numbers come before nouns in the unmarked form. If there is no unmarked form, the singulative is used - e.g. ''lammá nama'' "two people" (NOT ''*lammá namooti''); ''áfar afka'' "four mouths/languages" (NOT ''*áfar afaani'') | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Qino cardinal numbers | |||
|- | |||
! !! Independent !! Dependent | |||
|- | |||
! 0 | |||
| || | |||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
| mitta (''m.''); mitti (''f.'') || mit | |||
|- | |||
! 2 | |||
| lamma || lammá | |||
|- | |||
! 3 | |||
| sidexa || sidex | |||
|- | |||
! 4 | |||
| áfara || áfar | |||
|- | |||
! 5 | |||
| shana || shan | |||
|- | |||
! 6 | |||
| lexa || lex | |||
|- | |||
! 7 | |||
| todba || todbá | |||
|- | |||
! 8 | |||
| siddeeta || siddeet | |||
|- | |||
! 9 | |||
| sagaala || sagaal | |||
|- | |||
! 10 | |||
| tabana || taban | |||
|- | |||
! 11 | |||
| tabana shi mitta || taban shi mit | |||
|- | |||
! 20 | |||
| lammáatama || lammáatam | |||
|- | |||
! 30 | |||
| sóddoma || sóddom | |||
|- | |||
! 40 | |||
| afártama || afártam | |||
|- | |||
! 50 | |||
| kóntoma || kóntom | |||
|- | |||
! 60 | |||
| léxtama || léxtam | |||
|- | |||
! 70 | |||
| todbáatama || todbáatam | |||
|- | |||
! 80 | |||
| siddéettama || siddéettam | |||
|- | |||
! 90 | |||
| sagáaltama || sagáaltam | |||
|- | |||
! 100 | |||
| baqala || baqal | |||
|- | |||
! 1000 | |||
| kuma || kum | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Definitives=== | ===Definitives=== | ||
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See [[Qino#Demonstratives|Demonstratives]]. | See [[Qino#Demonstratives|Demonstratives]]. | ||
====Numerals==== | ====Numerals==== | ||
See [[Qino# | See [[Qino#Numbers|Numbers]]. | ||
====Genitives==== | ====Genitives==== | ||
Nouns/pronouns in the genitive behave as definitives. They must occur with a noun or pronoun and are accented - e.g. ''<b>kiishi</b> mana'' "'''my''' house", ''<b>Maxammadi</b> ka'' "Mohammad's one". | Nouns/pronouns in the genitive behave as definitives. They must occur with a noun or pronoun and are accented - e.g. ''<b>kiishi</b> mana'' "'''my''' house", ''<b>Maxammadi</b> ka'' "Mohammad's one". |