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Attributives (also called definitives) modify a nominal and occur at the beginning of the nominal phrase. Some agree with the nominal in gender/number, but most are invariable. Words that can occur independently (such as articles) or that are declined forms of nominals/verbs may not strictly be considered attributives, but they are included here for convenience. | Attributives (also called definitives) modify a nominal and occur at the beginning of the nominal phrase. Some agree with the nominal in gender/number, but most are invariable. Words that can occur independently (such as articles) or that are declined forms of nominals/verbs may not strictly be considered attributives, but they are included here for convenience. | ||
====Articles==== | ====Articles==== | ||
See [[Qino#Demonstratives| | See [[Qino#Demonstratives|demonstratives]]. | ||
====Numerals==== | ====Numerals==== | ||
See [[Qino#Numbers| | See [[Qino#Numbers|numbers]]. | ||
====Genitives==== | ====Genitives==== | ||
Nominals in the genitive behave as attributives. They must occur with a head nominal and are accented - e.g. ''<b>kiishi</b> mana'' "'''my''' house", ''<b>Maxammadi</b> ka'' "Mohammad's one". | Nominals in the genitive behave as attributives. They must occur with a head nominal and are accented - e.g. ''<b>kiishi</b> mana'' "'''my''' house", ''<b>Maxammadi</b> ka'' "Mohammad's one". | ||
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*''kúlli'': all; every | *''kúlli'': all; every | ||
*''gíddi'': all of; the entire | *''gíddi'': all of; the entire | ||
*''má/ma-'': what (see [[Qino#Interrogative_particles| | *''má/ma-'': what (see [[Qino#Interrogative_particles|interrogative particles]]) | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
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====Derivation==== | ====Derivation==== | ||
=====Verb derivation affixes===== | =====Verb derivation affixes===== | ||
All derivation suffixes cause the verb to follow the suffix conjugation pattern. For more information, see [[Qino#Class 2: Suffix-derived verbs| | All derivation suffixes cause the verb to follow the suffix conjugation pattern. For more information, see [[Qino#Class 2: Suffix-derived verbs|suffix-derived verbs]]. When formed from a noun or adjective, a suffix (often ''-aa-'') may be added before the suffix. | ||
*Causative: ''-(i)s-''; ''-(i)siis-'' <!--(Denominal: ''-aas-'') -->- e.g. ''casaasi'' "to make red", ''sheensiisi'' "to make (someone) give" | *Causative: ''-(i)s-''; ''-(i)siis-'' <!--(Denominal: ''-aas-'') -->- e.g. ''casaasi'' "to make red", ''sheensiisi'' "to make (someone) give" | ||
*Passive: ''-am-'' - e.g. ''sheenami'' "to be given" | *Passive: ''-am-'' - e.g. ''sheenami'' "to be given" | ||
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=====Verbal nouns===== | =====Verbal nouns===== | ||
The main verbal noun (which is always feminine) is formed with the suffix ''-iya'' or ''-ina'' depending on verb class. Some verb classes form it in other ways (see [[Qino#Verbs| | The main verbal noun (which is always feminine) is formed with the suffix ''-iya'' or ''-ina'' depending on verb class. Some verb classes form it in other ways (see [[Qino#Verbs|verbs]] for more information). Accusative objects of a verb occur in the genitive when used with a verbal noun. | ||
:e.g. ''<b>kitaaba</b> tarká'' "she sees <b>a book</b>" → ''<b>kitaabi</b> arkiya'' "the seeing <b>of a book</b>" | :e.g. ''<b>kitaaba</b> tarká'' "she sees <b>a book</b>" → ''<b>kitaabi</b> arkiya'' "the seeing <b>of a book</b>" | ||
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====Focus particles==== | ====Focus particles==== | ||
====Interrogative particles==== | ====Interrogative particles==== | ||
Also see [[Qino#Interrogative_pronouns|interrogative pronouns]]. | |||
*''má/ma-'' = question particle | *''má/ma-'' = question particle | ||
**Can be accented or unaccented. Attaches to following word when unaccented. | **Can be accented or unaccented. Attaches to following word when unaccented. | ||