Minhast: Difference between revisions

Minhast (view source)

Revision as of 18:39, 8 April 2018

452 bytes removed , 8 April 2018

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Updated the role of preposed-"Wa=" on nominal stranding

Anyar

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 # To bind demonstrative adverbs to their head clause, e.g. ''Sappu wamminhast kirmennemu'' >>  Sappu wa=Minhast kirim-ennem-u ''We speak Minhast here''.
 # To form the ''absolute negation'' structure with the negation particle hatā' and the verb of the bound clause in the negative (essentially creating a double negative),  e.g. ''Hatā' watteškīkaš'' >> Hatā' wa=ta-eški-ek-an=š, i.e. ''I will absolutely not follow.''
-# To bind stranded nominals that arise due to verbal valence operations, especially when these operations would create double Dative (i.e. double indirect objects), which are ungrammatical in Minhast, e.g. ''Nismien wappiyānaran Anyar yakte raħkittekaru >> Nismien wa=piyān=aran Anyar yak=de rak-hitt-ek-ar-u'' → PN.ABS CONN=piano=DAT PN.ABS 1S=ERG BEN.APPL-give-3S.ABS+1S.ERG-PAST-TRANS, i.e. ''I gave  on behalf of Anyar a piano to Nismien''.   Here, piyan is a direct object, but it is marked with the Dative clitic =aran because it is indefinite4, and Anyar is a derived Absolutive via AF using the Benefactive Applicative affix ''-rak-''.  The sentence *Nismien=aran piyān=aran Anyar yak=de rak-hitt-ek-ar-u is ungrammatical
+# To optionally bind stranded nominals that arise due to verbal valence operations, particularly to disambiguate situations where the stranded nominal may be mistaken for the actual Absolutive argument when both have the same gender and number.  See section on Nominal Stranding [TBD]
-# To create idiomatic expressions, e.g. ''Hambim bak uwašnaru5'' >>  hambin bak wa=ušn-ar-u, i.e. ''It is no business of yours...that he hit him'' (lit. ''There is no what [that] he hit him''), ''Hambin wattahittahaš'' >>   hambin  wa=ta-hitt-tah-an=š, i.e ''It doesn't belong to you, it's not yours for the taking'' (lit. ''There is no and not you shall take'').
+# To create idiomatic expressions, e.g. ''Hambim bak uwašnaru'' >>  hambin bak wa=ušn-ar-u, i.e. ''It is no business of yours...that he hit him'' (lit. ''There is no what [that] he hit him''), ''Hambin wattahittahaš'' >>   hambin  wa=ta-hitt-tah-an=š, i.e ''It doesn't belong to you, it's not yours for the taking'' (lit. ''There is no and not you shall take'').
 The Postposed Wa-Construction performs the following functions: