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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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====Zero-copular sentences==== | ====Zero-copular sentences==== | ||
Zero-copular sentences are permitted in Chlouvānem, but only in certain cases; note that, in any case, leaving the copula is still correct, even if often not the use a native would do. The omission of the copula, however, is only permitted in the present tense.<br/>The copula is nearly always omitted when the subject is a determiner (i.e. ''nenē'', ''nunū'', ''sora'', ''læti'', etc., often possessive pronouns too) and when the predicate is an undeclinable adjective-like word (i.e. ''cami'', ''lalla'', ''hulābdān'', etc.): | Zero-copular sentences are permitted in Chlouvānem, but only in certain cases; note that, in any case, leaving the copula is still correct, even if often not the use a native would do. The omission of the copula, however, is only permitted in the present tense.<br/>The copula is nearly always omitted when the subject is a determiner (i.e. ''nenē'', ''nunū'', ''sora'', ''læti'', etc., often possessive pronouns too), and when the predicate is an undeclinable adjective-like word (i.e. ''cami'', ''lalla'', ''hulābdān'', etc.): | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = nunū lilyai buneyi jṛṣṇa. | | phrase = nunū lilyai buneyi jṛṣṇa. | ||
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| translation = Lūṣya's brother, who was a time-waster<ref>In Chlouvānem literally "one who counts leaves".</ref>, is now studying to become an Inquisitor. | | translation = Lūṣya's brother, who was a time-waster<ref>In Chlouvānem literally "one who counts leaves".</ref>, is now studying to become an Inquisitor. | ||
}} | }} | ||
===The tense-aspectual system=== | ===The tense-aspectual system=== | ||
The Chlouvānem tense-aspectual system is formed by three times of action (past, present, and future) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). It is however often considered to be a monoaspectual system, as the tense-aspect combinations (hereafter simply ''tenses'', cf. Chlouvānem ''avyāṣa'', pl. ''avyāṣai'') which are not strictly perfective are not imperfective, but do not distinguish aspect at all - in fact, they can (and, as for the past, very frequently) have perfective meaning too. | The Chlouvānem tense-aspectual system is formed by three times of action (past, present, and future) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). It is however often considered to be a monoaspectual system, as the tense-aspect combinations (hereafter simply ''tenses'', cf. Chlouvānem ''avyāṣa'', pl. ''avyāṣai'') which are not strictly perfective are not imperfective, but do not distinguish aspect at all - in fact, they can (and, as for the past, very frequently) have perfective meaning too. | ||