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Minhast: Difference between revisions
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Interestingly, nouns can receive the same TA marking of verbs. Minhast lacks a copula; instead, two separate NPs are simply juxtaposed, e.g. ''Ruggāyam kaslubekte'' ("Ruggāyam is my dog"). However, if the statement refers to a past or future event, simple juxtaposition cannot convey tense information. Therefore, the NP may be marked with any TA marker, in lieu of a copular verb, as in ''Ruggāyam kaslubekt-ar'' ("Ruggāyam was my dog"). The TA marker could just have easily been added to the first NP as opposed to the second, ''Ruggāyam-ar kaslubekt''; or even both NPs could be marked, ''Ruggāyam-ar kaslubekt-ar''. | Interestingly, nouns can receive the same TA marking of verbs. Minhast lacks a copula; instead, two separate NPs are simply juxtaposed, e.g. ''Ruggāyam kaslubekte'' ("Ruggāyam is my dog"). However, if the statement refers to a past or future event, simple juxtaposition cannot convey tense information. Therefore, the NP may be marked with any TA marker, in lieu of a copular verb, as in ''Ruggāyam kaslubekt-ar'' ("Ruggāyam was my dog"). The TA marker could just have easily been added to the first NP as opposed to the second, ''Ruggāyam-ar kaslubekt''; or even both NPs could be marked, ''Ruggāyam-ar kaslubekt-ar''. | ||
=== Noun | === Noun Stem Types === | ||
Nouns are divided into three | Nouns are divided into three types based on the syllabic pattern of the final syllable of the noun. The Type I nouns (also known as “Strong Stem” nouns) are those whose Absolutive forms end in a single consonant, or a short vowel. Additions of a short-vowel clitic do not change the noun stem's final vowel. | ||
Type II nouns are divided into three subtypes, with Absolutive forms ending with the glides ''-ea, -ia'', or ''-ua''. Type II nouns undergo a morphophonemic process whereby the final ''-a'' of the noun stem is dropped and the preceding vowel is automatically lengthened when either a short or a long-vowel case clitic is attached to the noun stem. Additionally, during noun incorporation the entire glide is elided. Examples are as follows for ''marua, yarea'', and ''simmia'', meaning “the 'star' Venus”, “young girl”, and “moonless night”, respectively. | |||
Type III nouns all terminate with either a consonant cluster or gemminate consonnants. If the following clitic that attaches to it has a quiescent vowel, such as the Dative clitic =(a)ran, the quiescent vowel resurfaces to prevent an impermissible CCC pattern, or the epenthetic vowels -i- or -e- is inserted. An additional feature is that these nouns will select the long-vowel forms of case clitics if they do exist. | |||
These nouns are contrasted against the | These nouns are contrasted against the Type I noun ''gāl'' (“horse”). | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
|+ '''Noun | |+ '''Noun Stem Types''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
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! Meaning | ! Meaning | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Type I | ||
|gāl | |gāl | ||
|gal= | |gal= | ||
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|horse | |horse | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3"| | ! rowspan="3"| Type II | ||
|marua | |marua | ||
|marū= | |marū= | ||
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|moonless night | |moonless night | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3"| | ! rowspan="3"| Type III | ||
| | |tipr | ||
| | |tipr-, tipri-, tipir- | ||
| | | | ||
- | -tipr-, -tipir- | ||
| | |tipirde, tipirkī | ||
| | |flesh | ||
|- | |- | ||
|niss | |niss | ||