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Kēlen: Difference between revisions
→Noun phrase
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: '''sū''', '''rū''', '''rā''' These are all locative phrase markers | : '''sū''', '''rū''', '''rā''' These are all locative phrase markers | ||
==== λi ==== | |||
The '''λi'''- prefix is used as a status marker when referring to personal names. It primarily occurs when the name is in the topic position. It can occur in front of any name that speaker wishes to show respect for. | The '''λi'''- prefix is used as a status marker when referring to personal names. It primarily occurs when the name is in the topic position. It can occur in front of any name that speaker wishes to show respect for. | ||
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:'Thus their name is Confusion, for the Lord made confusion of all languages there.' | :'Thus their name is Confusion, for the Lord made confusion of all languages there.' | ||
==== jē ==== | |||
'''jē''' is used for associating an animate noun with another animate noun. It inflects for person as follows: | '''jē''' is used for associating an animate noun with another animate noun. It inflects for person as follows: | ||
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'''jē''' can also be used to associate an animate with a proper-name location, as in '''makerāon''' '''jē sarāpa''' 'ruler of Sarāpa'. | '''jē''' can also be used to associate an animate with a proper-name location, as in '''makerāon''' '''jē sarāpa''' 'ruler of Sarāpa'. | ||
==== nīkan ==== | |||
'''nīkan''' is an inflecting preposition and is used when associating an animate with a stative or an inanimate. It inflects for person as follows: | |||
{| | |||
|- | |||
|'''jaxūra nīkanle'''|| 'my door' | |||
|- | |||
|'''jaxūra nīkanrie|| 'your door'''' | |||
|- | |||
|'''jaxūra nīkamma|| 'his/her door'''' | |||
|- | |||
|'''jaxūra nīkamma sāim|| 'their door'''' | |||
|- | |||
|'''jaxūra nīkan maxāna|| 'a friend's door'''' | |||
|} | |||
This particular associative relationship can also be abbreviated: | |||
{| | |||
|- | |||
| '''jaxūra nīkanle''' ||→ '''''jaxūra-nle | |||
|- | |||
|'''jaxūra nīkanrie ||→ '''''jaxūra-nrie''' | |||
|- | |||
|'''jaxūra nīkamma|| → '''''jaxūra-mma''' | |||
|- | |||
|'''jaxūra nīkamma sāim ||→ '''''sāim jaxūra-mma''' | |||
|- | |||
|'''jaxūra nīkan maxāna ||→ ''''''maxāna jaxūra-mma''' | |||
|} | |||
Again, note that the word order changes with the use of an abbreviated form and a redundant modifying noun phrase. | |||
==== ānen ==== | |||
'''ānen''' is used to associate two nouns that are not in a WHOLE:PART relationship. It is generally used as a comitative preposition. | |||
:'''jatēwa ānen jacūti''' | |||
:'table with cups' | |||
'''ānen''' modified by '''wā''' is negative: | |||
:'''jatēwa ānen jacūti wā''' | |||
:'table without cups' | |||
'''ānen''' modified by '''ēmma''' means 'except (for)': | |||
:'''ancēli ānen jacūti ēmma''' | |||
:'the dishes except for cups' | |||
==== sū, rū, and rā ==== | |||
Location is marked by these three prepositions. The locative phrase can then be further elaborated with a set of locative modifiers. | |||
:LOC NP [MOD] | |||
'''sū''' marks location at a place, '''rā''' marks direction to a place, and '''rū''' marks direction from a place. | |||
'''sū jatāsa''' 'at the market-square' | |||
'''rā jatāsa''' 'to the market-square' | |||
'''rū jatāsa''' 'from the market-square' | |||
Modifiers can be used to add more information. Locative phrases with modifiers can reduce the NP to '''ja''' and make the phrase into a single word. | |||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||