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Minhast: Difference between revisions
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Interrogative verbs can either be zero-valent (i.e. an Impersonal Verb), as in ''"Innearaš?" >> *inea-ar-an=š'' [what.happened-PAST-INTRANS=IRREAL] ("What happened?"), univalent, e.g. ''"Nansuriattaharaš?" >> *nansuriat-tah-ar-an=š'' [what.did.do-2S.ABS-PAST=IRREAL] ("What did you do?"), or even divalent, i.e. transitive, e.g. ''"Išpinansuriattaharuš?" >> *šp-nansuriat-tah-ar-u=š'' [CAUS-what.did.do-2S.ERG+3MS.ABS] ("What did you make him do?). Interrogative Verbs can be inflected for tense, aspect, person-number (for univalent verbs), and in some cases, theme, as illustrated in the last example. | Interrogative verbs can either be zero-valent (i.e. an Impersonal Verb), as in ''"Innearaš?" >> *inea-ar-an=š'' [what.happened-PAST-INTRANS=IRREAL] ("What happened?"), univalent, e.g. ''"Nansuriattaharaš?" >> *nansuriat-tah-ar-an=š'' [what.did.do-2S.ABS-PAST=IRREAL] ("What did you do?"), or even divalent, i.e. transitive, e.g. ''"Išpinansuriattaharuš?" >> *šp-nansuriat-tah-ar-u=š'' [CAUS-what.did.do-2S.ERG+3MS.ABS] ("What did you make him do?). Interrogative Verbs can be inflected for tense, aspect, person-number (for univalent verbs), and in some cases, theme, as illustrated in the last example. | ||
Where person-number marking is allowed, both second and third person singular/plural marking predominate; first person marking is infrequent. Many of these verbs appear to have a default tense, usually in the past but sometimes in the future, even though the verb has no explicit tense marking, e.g. ''maymaštahaš'' seems to have a default past tense even though the past tense affix ''-ar-'' does not appear; however if the past tense affix appears, the verb remains well-formed. | Where person-number marking is allowed, both second and third person singular/plural marking predominate; first person marking is infrequent. Many of these verbs appear to have a default tense, usually in the past but sometimes in the future, even though the verb has no explicit tense marking, e.g. ''maymaštahaš'' seems to have a default past tense even though the past tense affix ''-ar-'' does not appear; however if the past tense affix appears, the verb remains well-formed. Present tense meaning, if intended, is usually recoverable from context or discourse. | ||
The following table contains the most frequently used Interrogative Verbs:<br/><br/> | The following table contains the most frequently used Interrogative Verbs:<br/><br/> | ||
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! Verb !! Meaning !! Maximum Valency !! Gloss !! Restrictions | ! Verb !! Meaning !! Maximum Valency !! Gloss !! Restrictions | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align:left"| | ! style="text-align:left"| tippakaš | ||
| “How did it happen?” | | “How did it happen?” | ||
| zero | | zero | ||