Thezhmic: Difference between revisions

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→‎U-stems

Shariifka

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+====Liquid/nasal-stems====
+These nouns have stems ending in a liquid (''r'' or ''l'') or a nasal (''n'' or ''m'').
+In some cases, the stem-final consonant may vary betwen primary and secondary stems - the most common example is an alternation between ''r'' and ''n'' in neuter nouns.
+The following shorthand symbols are used:
+*C: represents the stem-final consonant (may be ''r, l, n'', or ''m'').
+*S: represents the above consonant's "syllabic" counterpart. These are as follows:
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
+! Consonant !! Syllabic counterpart
+|-
+| r || ər
+|-
+| l || əl
+|-
+| n || ə̃
+|-
+| m || ũ
+|}
+*V: represents the vowel preceding the stem-final consonant (may be ''e'' or ''o'').
+*L: represents the above vowel's lengthened counterpart (i.e. ''ē'' or ''ō'').
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
+|+ U-stem declension
+! rowspan="2"| Case !! colspan="2"|Singular !! Dual !! colspan="2"|Plural
+|-
+! m./f. !! n. !! m./f./n. !! m./f. !! n.
+|-
+! Nominative
+| -LC; -ō¹ || rowspan="3"| -S || rowspan="3"| -VCe || rowspan="2"| -eCes || rowspan="3"| -LC; -ō¹
+|-
+! Vocative
+| -VC
+|-
+! Accusative
+| -VCũ; -Lm² || -VCə̃s
+|-
+! Instrumental
+| colspan="2"| -Cē || rowspan="3"| -Svom || colspan="2"| -Svis
+|-
+! Dative
+| colspan="2"| -Cei || colspan="2" rowspan="2"| -Svos
+|-
+! Ablative
+| rowspan="2" colspan="2"| -Ces
+|-
+! Genitive
+| rowspan="2"| -Cous || colspan="2"| -Cōm
+|-
+! Locative
+| colspan="2"| -Ci || colspan="2"| -Ssu
+|-
+|}
+'''Notes:'''
+¹ When V = ''o'' and C = ''n'' (i.e. expected ''-ōn'' becomes ''-ō'').
+² When C = ''m'' (i.e. expected ''-Vmũ'' becomes ''-Lm'').
 ==Syntax==