Linguifex

User:Ceige/Ancient: Difference between revisions

User page Discussion

User:Ceige/Ancient (view source)

Revision as of 07:27, 10 January 2017

2,981 bytes added ,  10 January 2017
→‎Phonology
m (→‎Inspirations: Added the bit about Kassite)
Line 28: Line 28:


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Comparing phonologies===
===A Comparison of Language Phonologies===
====Hurrian====
====Hurrian====
Hurrian appears to have a voicing alternation in word-medial positions for consonants (excluding ts/z). Hurrian distinguishes consonant gemination and vowel length through doubling (in the case of consonants: an-na = anna) or adding in extra vowels (ka-a-an = kān). P/F distinctions are hard to determine from spelling variation in poorly attested words. Final -f alternates with -u after -a-.
Hurrian appears to have a voicing alternation in word-medial positions for consonants (excluding ts/z). Hurrian distinguishes consonant gemination and vowel length through doubling (in the case of consonants: an-na = anna) or adding in extra vowels (ka-a-an = kān). P/F distinctions are hard to determine from spelling variation in poorly attested words. Final -f alternates with -u after -a-.
Line 36: Line 36:
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"|Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"|Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal
|-
|-
! Plosive
! Plosives
| p || t || k
| p || t || k
|-
|-
! Affricate
! Affricates
|  || ts/z ||  
|  || ts/z ||  
|-
|-
! Fricative
! Fricatives
| f || s || x
| f || s || x
|-
|-
Line 67: Line 67:
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal !! Guttural
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal !! Guttural
|-
|-
! Plosive
! Plosives
| p b || t d ṭ || k g q || ʔ
| p b || t d ṭ || k g q || ʔ
|-
|-
Line 95: Line 95:
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Palatal !! Velar
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Palatal !! Velar
|-
|-
! Plosive
! Plosives
| p || t || č || k
| p || t || č || k
|-
|-
Line 114: Line 114:
|-
|-
| Open||  || a ||   
| Open||  || a ||   
|}
====Elamite====
Elamite's sound system is not well understood due to the orthography. /h/ was lost by Neo-Elamite, and /e/'s existence is uncertain. There may have been a voicing distinction for plosives, and fricative values are general guesses. Elamite roots at maximum are CVCCVC, but that is normally even then CVNCVC.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal !! Guttural
|-
! Plosives
| p (b?) || t (d?) || k (g?) ||
|-
! Fricatives*
| || s z [z] || š [ʃ] || h
|-
! Sonorants
| m w || n l r || y ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Vowels !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
| Close || i ||  || u
|-
| Mid || (e?) ||  ||
|-
| Open||  || a || 
|}
====Sumerian====
Sumerian phonology is also not a closed book, with some claiming the language had a 3-way plosive phonation distinction. The existence of /w/ and /y/ is unknown.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Palatal !! Velar
|-
! Plosives
| p pʰ || t tʰ || || k kʰ
|-
! Affricates
| || ts tsʰ || ||
|-
! Fricatives
| || s || š || h
|-
! Sonorants
| m || n l r || || g̃
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Vowels !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
| Close || i ||  || u
|-
| Mid || (e?) ||  ||
|-
| Open||  || a || 
|}
===Comparing with hypothetically contemporary languages===
====Proto-Indo-European====
Proto-Indo-European proper was already splitting up, or ''had'' split up by the time of the younger languages being compared here.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Dorsal !! "Velar" !! Labialised Back-Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosives
| p (b) bʰ || t d dʰ || ḱ ǵ ǵʰ || k g gʰ || kʷ gʷ gʷʰ || (h₁)
|-
! Fricatives
| || s || || h₂ || h₃ || (h₁)
|-
! Sonorants
| m w || n l r || y || || ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Vowels !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
| Close || i ||  || u
|-
| Mid ||  || ə ||
|-
| Open|| e ||  || o
|}
====Timucua====
According to the Wikipedia article on this language, it goes back to 2000 BC. I'm not exactly sure ''how'' they figured that out, but hey, might as well include a North-American language for a fun long-range comparison. Note the similarities in phonology to many of the languages above.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Consonants !! Labial !! Dental !! Palatal !! Velar !! Labiovelar !! Glottal
|-
! Plosives
| p || t || č || k || kw ||
|-
! Fricatives
| b f || s ||  || || || h
|-
! Sonorants
| m || n l r || y || || ||
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background: DarkSlateGrey; color: white;"| Vowels !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
| Close || i ||  || u
|-
| Mid || e ||  || o
|-
| Open|| e || a || o
|}
|}


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
=== ===
=== ===
Ceige
870

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/62723"