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! Direct | ! Direct | ||
| <code>-(ʔ) | | <code>-(ʔ)Ap</code> or -Ø || See [[#Morphosyntactic alignment]]<!--Any actor, patient, dative etc that was left out of explicit marking--> || murap, mur = the river | ||
|- | |||
! Oblique | |||
| <code>-(I)s</code> || Can stand in for any of the following cases || murüs = (of/by/with/to/along) the river | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
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! Inalienable Genitive | ! Inalienable Genitive | ||
| <code>-kA</code>, <code>-ŋA</code> || "of X", "belonging to X", "to do with X" || murka mitšəmitš = along the path of the river | | <code>-kA</code>, <code>-ŋA</code> || "of X", "belonging to X", "to do with X" || murka mitšəmitš = along the path of the river | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Lative | ! Lative | ||
| <code>-kE</code>, <code>-ŋE</code> || Lative ("to X"), Dative ("to X, for X") || murkö <!-- Stolen from Turkic --> | | <code>-kE</code>, <code>-ŋE</code> || Lative ("to X"), Dative ("to X, for X") || murkö <!-- Stolen from Turkic --> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Instrumental | ||
| <code>- | | <code>-ŋI</code><!--<code>-mIx</code>--> || Instrumental ("by means of"), Comitative ("with") || murŋü = by use of the river <!-- Stolen from Greenlandic -mik--> | ||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| <code>-p'E</code> || Locative ("at X"), Proximative ("near X"), Comitative ("with X") || murp'ö = by the river <!-- mur(ə)p'ö = by the river --><!-- Stolen from Japonic and Ainu --> | |||
|- | |- | ||
<!--! Partitive | <!--! Partitive | ||
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| <code>-xU</code> || Ablative ("from"), Abessive ("without") || murxu <!-- Stolen from Nivkh -ux https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Нивхский_язык --> | | <code>-xU</code> || Ablative ("from"), Abessive ("without") || murxu <!-- Stolen from Nivkh -ux https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Нивхский_язык --> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Equative | ||
| <code>- | | <code>-sĄ</code> || "Like a X", "as X as a"; a late innovation || mursą = like a river | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Prolative | ||
| <code>- | | <code>-mItš</code> || "Via X", "by way of X"; a late innovation || murmütš = via the river | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Reportative | ! Reportative |
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