Anbirese: Difference between revisions
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
*c g ch ng /k g kʰ ŋ/ | *c g ch ng /k g kʰ ŋ/ | ||
*ṭ ḍ ṭh ṇ /ʈ ɖ ʈʰ ɳ/ | |||
*t d th n /t d tʰ n/ | *t d th n /t d tʰ n/ | ||
*p b ph m /p b pʰ m/ | *p b ph m /p b pʰ m/ | ||
*f fh s sh (ṣ) (ś) h /f fʰ s sʰ ʂ ɕ h/ | *f fh s sh (ṣ) (ś) h /f fʰ s sʰ ʂ ɕ h/ |
Revision as of 04:49, 22 February 2018
Thumaca (ṭhumaca /ʈʰumaka/) is a minority Tigolic language, inspired by Hindi and Romani. It is notable for its relatively conservative verb system.
Phonology
Consonants
- c g ch ng /k g kʰ ŋ/
- ṭ ḍ ṭh ṇ /ʈ ɖ ʈʰ ɳ/
- t d th n /t d tʰ n/
- p b ph m /p b pʰ m/
- f fh s sh (ṣ) (ś) h /f fʰ s sʰ ʂ ɕ h/
- r l y /r l j/
Vowels
i ı u ė e a o /i ɨ u e ə a o/
Morphology
Mutations
Thumaca has no mutation; instead, formerly feminine nouns often begin in an aspirated consonant. (cf. Eevo)
Nouns
Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural). The usual affixes are:
- plural absolute: -(e)r
- singular construct: -(e)th
- plural construct: -(e)ph
e.g. cıther 'flower', cıthrer 'flowers'; chıfṇa 'woman', chıfṇar 'women'.
Verbs
Tumacan verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by allomorphy inherited from Old Eevo. As in Slavic languages, the perfective form is often derived by adding a prefix, which causes the verb to take the conjunct form. Most Tumacan verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective.
An example of the aspect allomorphy: bongi 'to tell (imperfective)', sipngi 'to tell (perfective)'.
The old subject/TAM suffixes have been lost and tense is marked by prefixes.