Gothedish: Difference between revisions

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===Orthography===

Gothedish can be written in various orthographies. The most commonly used is the Latin alphabet, followed by Arabic and ~~Gothic~~. The Gothic alphabet has two main variations known as ''Aldgutske'' (Old Gothic) and ''Neygutske'' (New Gothic)

Gothedish can be written in various orthographies. The most commonly used is the Latin alphabet, followed by Arabic, Gothic, and Slavic. The Gothic alphabet has two main variations known as ''Aldgutske'' (Old Gothic) and ''Neygutske'' (New Gothic)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|-

! Latin (Lateinske) !! IPA !! Dialectal variants !! Perso-Arabic (Arabske) !! Old Gothic (Aldgutske) !! New Gothic (Neygutske) !! Cyrillic (Kirilske) !! Examples

|-

| A a || ʌ, ɑ(ː)1 || – || ~~<big>~~<big>ــَـ ، ــَا~~</big>~~</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰 || A a, Ā ā || h'''a'''nd /h'''ʌ'''nt/ "hand", '''a'''pel /'''ɑː'''pl̩/ "apple"

| A a || ʌ, ɑ(ː)1 || – || <big>ــَـ ، ــَا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰 || A a, Ā ā || || h'''a'''nd /h'''ʌ'''nt/ "hand", '''a'''pel /'''ɑː'''pl̩/ "apple"

|-

| Á á; Â â || ɑ(ː)1 || – || ~~<big>~~<big> ــَا~~</big>~~</big> || Ā ā; Â â || h'''á'''bde /h'''ɑ'''bdə/, h'''â'''de /h'''ɑː'''də/ "had"

| Á á; Â â || ɑ(ː)1 || – || <big> ــَا</big> || Ā ā; Â â || || h'''á'''bde /h'''ɑ'''bdə/, h'''â'''de /h'''ɑː'''də/ "had"

|-

| Ä ä || æ, ɛ(ː)1 || ɛ, e(ː) || ~~<big>~~<big>ــٰـ ، ــٰا~~</big>~~</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌹 || Ai ai, Āi āi || '''ä'''rþe /'''æ'''rθə/ "earth", '''ä'''n /'''ɛ'''n/ "one"

| Ä ä || æ, ɛ(ː)1 || ɛ, e(ː) || <big>ــٰـ ، ــٰا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌹 || Ai ai, Āi āi || || '''ä'''rþe /'''æ'''rθə/ "earth", '''ä'''n /'''ɛ'''n/ "one"

|-

| Ea ea; Êa êa || ɛ(ː)1 || e(ː) || ~~<big>~~<big> ــٰا~~</big>~~</big> || Āi āi; Âi âi || '''êa'''n /'''ɛ'''n/ "property"

| Ea ea; Êa êa || ɛ(ː)1 || e(ː) || <big> ــٰا</big> || Āi āi; Âi âi || || '''êa'''n /'''ɛ'''n/ "property"

|-

| Å å || ɒ, ɔ(ː)1 || ɔ, o(ː) || ~~<big>~~<big>ــٝـ ، ــٝا~~</big>~~</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌿 || An an, Ān ān || '''å'''ster /'''ɒ'''str̩/ "east", h'''å'''bed /h'''ɔː'''~~bəþ~~/ "head"

| Å å || ɒ, ɔ(ː)1 || ɔ, o(ː) || <big>ــٝـ ، ــٝا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌿 || An an, Ān ān || || '''å'''ster /'''ɒ'''str̩/ "east", h'''å'''bed /h'''ɔː'''bəθ/ "head"

|-

| Oa oa; Ôa ôa || ɔ(ː)1 || o(ː) || ~~<big>~~<big> ــٝا~~</big>~~</big> || Ān ān; Ân ân || h'''ôa'''d /h'''ɔː'''θ/ "head"

| Oa oa; Ôa ôa || ɔ(ː)1 || o(ː) || <big> ــٝا</big> || Ān ān; Ân ân || || h'''ôa'''d /h'''ɔː'''θ/ "head"

|-

| B b || b, NN-f, N-p2 || NN-v-V || ~~<big>~~<big>ب ، ف ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌱 || B b || '''b'''arn /'''b'''ʌrn/ "child", hlä'''b''' /ɬɛ'''f'''/ "bread", lam'''b''' /lʌm'''p'''/ "sheep"

| B b || b, NN-f, N-p2 || NN-v-V || <big>ب ، ف </big> || 𐌱 || B b || || '''b'''arn /'''b'''ʌrn/ "child", hlä'''b''' /ɬɛ'''f'''/ "bread", lam'''b''' /lʌm'''p'''/ "sheep"

|-

| Bj bj || d͡ʒ, NN-ʃ, N-t͡ʃ2 || ʒ || ~~<big>~~<big>ج ، ش ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌱𐌾 || Bg bg || þår'''bj'''e /θɒr'''d͡ʒ'''ə/ "I/he/she/it need (pres. subj.)"

| Bj bj || d͡ʒ, NN-ʃ, N-t͡ʃ2 || ʒ || <big>ج ، ش </big> || 𐌱𐌾 || Bg bg || || þår'''bj'''e /θɒr'''d͡ʒ'''ə/ "I/he/she/it need (pres. subj.)"

|-

| C c3 || k, t͡s || – || – || – || – || '''c'''al'''c'''ien /ˈ'''k'''ʌl'''t͡s'''in/ "calcium"

| C c3 || k, t͡s || – || – || – || – || || '''c'''al'''c'''ien /ˈ'''k'''ʌl'''t͡s'''in/ "calcium"

|-

| Ch ch || x || – || ~~<big>~~<big>خ ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐍇 || X x || du'''ch'''an /dʊˈ'''x'''ɑn/ "smoke"

| Ch ch || x || – || <big>خ </big> || 𐍇 || X x || || du'''ch'''an /dʊˈ'''x'''ɑn/ "smoke"

|-

| D d || d, V-θ, C-t2 || V-ð-V || ~~<big>~~<big>د ، ث ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌳 || D d ||'''d'''al /'''d'''ɑl/ "valley", go'''d''' /go'''θ'''/ "good", hun'''d''' /hʊn'''t'''/ "dog"

| D d || d, V-θ, C-t2 || V-ð-V || <big>د ، ث </big> || 𐌳 || D d || || '''d'''al /'''d'''ɑl/ "valley", go'''d''' /go'''θ'''/ "good", hun'''d''' /hʊn'''t'''/ "dog"

|-

| Dj dj || z, V-s, C-t͡s2 || d͡ʒ, V-ʃ, C-t͡ʃ; ʒ, V-ʃ, C-t͡ʃ; d͡z || <big>~~<big>ز </big>~~</big> || 𐌳𐌾 || Dg dg ||

| Dj dj || z, V-s, C-t͡s2 || d͡ʒ, V-ʃ, C-t͡ʃ; ʒ, V-ʃ, C-t͡ʃ; d͡z || <big>ز، س </big> || 𐌳𐌾 || Dg dg || ||

|-

| rowspan="2"| E e || ɛ, e(ː) 1 || jɛ, je(ː)|| ~~<big>~~<big>ــٖـ ، ~~ــٖا</big>~~</big> ||𐌴 || E e, Ē ē

| rowspan="2"| E e || ɛ, e(ː) 1 || jɛ, je(ː)|| <big>ــٖـ ، ــٖی</big> ||𐌴 || E e, Ē ē || ||

|-

| ə4 || – || ~~<big>~~<big> ــَـ ، ــِـ~~</big>~~</big> ||𐌰 || Ă ă

| ə4 || – || <big> ــَـ ، ــِـ</big> ||𐌰 || Ă ă || ||

|-

| É é; Ê ê || e(ː)1 || je(ː) || <big>~~<big> ــٖا</big>~~</big> ||𐌴 || Ē ē; Ê ê

| É é; Ê ê || e(ː)1 || je(ː) || <big> ــٖی</big> ||𐌴 || Ē ē; Ê ê || ||

|-

| Ei ei || ɛɪ̯ || aɪ̯; əɪ̯; iː || <big>~~<big> ــَيْ</big>~~</big> || 𐌴𐌹 || Ei ei

| Ei ei || ɛɪ̯ || aɪ̯; əɪ̯; iː || <big> ــَی</big> || 𐌴𐌹 || Ei ei || ||

|-

| Eu eu || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯ || ~~<big>~~<big> ـٰـوْ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌴𐌿 || En en

| Eu eu || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯ || <big> ـٰـوْ</big> || 𐌴𐌿 || En en || ||

|-

| Ey ey || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯; yː || <big>~~<big> ــٗيْ</big>~~</big> || 𐌴𐌹𐌿 || Ein ein

| Ey ey || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯; yː || <big> ــٗی</big> || 𐌴𐌹𐌿 || Ein ein || ||

|-

| F f || f || VS-v-VS || ~~<big>~~<big> ف~~</big>~~</big> || 𐍆 || F f

| F f || f || VS-v-VS || <big> ف</big> || 𐍆 || F f || ||

|-

| Fj fj || ʃ || – || ~~<big>~~<big> ش~~</big>~~</big> || 𐍆𐌾 || Fg fg

| Fj fj || ʃ || – || <big> ش</big> || 𐍆𐌾 || Fg fg || ||

|-

| rowspan="2"| G g || ɡ, V-x, C-k2 || V-ɣ-V || <big>~~<big> چ</big>~~</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌲 || Г r

| rowspan="2"| G g || ɡ, V-x, C-k2 || V-ɣ-V || <big>گ </big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌲 || Г r || ||

|-

| d͡ʒ-, V-j-V, -ʃ2,5 || V-ʒ-V || ~~<big>~~<big>ج ، ي ، ش~~</big>~~</big> || Ѓ ŕ

| d͡ʒ-, V-j-V, -ʃ2,5 || V-ʒ-V || <big>ج ، ی ، ش</big> || Ѓ ŕ || ||

|-

| Gj gj || d͡ʒ, V-ʃ, C-t͡ʃ || V-ʒ-V; ʒ || ~~<big>~~<big> ج~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌲𐌾 || Гg rg

| Gj gj || d͡ʒ, V-ʃ, C-t͡ʃ || V-ʒ-V; ʒ || <big> ج</big> || 𐌲𐌾 || Гg rg || ||

|-

| Gv gv || b, V-f, C-p || V-v-V; ɡw, V-x, C-k; gv, -kf || <big>~~<big>~~ ب~~</big>~~</big> || 𐍁 || Ч ɥ

| Gv gv || b, V-f, C-p || V-v-V; ɡw, V-x, C-k; gv, -kf || <big>، ف ب</big> || 𐍁 || Ч ɥ || ||

|-

| H h || h, Ø6 || x || ~~<big>~~<big> هـ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌷 || Һ h

| H h || h, Ø6 || x || <big> هـ</big> || 𐌷 || Һ h || ||

|-

| Hj hj || ʃ || ç || ~~<big>~~<big> ش~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌷𐌾 || Һg hg

| Hj hj || ʃ || ç || <big> ش</big> || 𐌷𐌾 || Һg hg || ||

|-

| Hl hl || ɬ, -ːl(-) || xl; -ɬ- || <big>~~<big>ڛ~~ ، ل~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌷𐌻 || Һλ hλ

| Hl hl || ɬ, -ːl(-) || xl; -ɬ- || <big>ݪ ، ل</big> || 𐌷𐌻 || Һλ hλ || ||

|-

| Hr hr || r̥, -ːr(-) || ʂ; xr; χ; -r̥- || <big>~~<big> ڗ~~ ، ر~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌷𐍂 || Һp hp

| Hr hr || r̥, -ːr(-) || ʂ; xr; χ; -r̥- || <big> ݛ ، ر</big> || 𐌷𐍂 || Һp hp || ||

|-

| Hv hv || f, V-v-V || ʍ; xʷ, -x; xf; kf || ~~<big>~~<big> ف~~</big>~~</big> || 𐍈 || Θ ɵ

| Hv hv || f || V-v-V; ʍ; xʷ, -x; xf; kf || <big> ف</big> || 𐍈 || Θ ɵ || ||

|-

| I i || ɪ, i(ː)1 || – || ~~<big>~~<big>ــِـ ، ~~ــِي</big>~~</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌹 || I i, Ī ī

| I i || ɪ, i(ː)1 || – || <big>ــِـ ، ــِی</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌹 || I i, Ī ī || ||

|-

| Í í; Î î || i(ː)1 || – || <big>~~<big> ــِي</big>~~</big> || Ī ī; Î î

| Í í; Î î || i(ː)1 || – || <big> ــِی</big> || Ī ī; Î î || ||

|-

| Ie ie || i(ː)1 || iə̯ || <big>~~<big> ــِي</big>~~</big> || 𐌹𐌰 || Iă iă

| Ie ie || i(ː)1 || iə̯ || <big> ــِی</big> || 𐌹𐌰 || Iă iă || ||

|-

| J j || j || – || <big>~~<big> ي</big>~~</big> || 𐌾 || G g

| J j || j || – || <big> ی</big> || 𐌾 || G g || ||

|-

| rowspan="2"| K k || k || – || <big>~~<big> ك</big>~~</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌺 || K k

| rowspan="2"| K k || k || – || <big> ک</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌺 || K k || ||

|-

| t͡ʃ || ʃ || <big>~~<big>ڭ</big>~~</big> || Ḱ ḱ

| t͡ʃ || ʃ || <big>چ</big> || Ḱ ḱ || ||

|-

| Kj kj || t͡ʃ || ʃ || <big>~~<big> ڭ</big>~~</big> || 𐌺𐌾 || Kg kg

| Kj kj || t͡ʃ || ʃ || <big> چ</big> || 𐌺𐌾 || Kg kg || ||

|-

| Kv kv || p || kʷ, -k; kf || ~~<big>~~<big>پ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌵 || U u

| Kv kv || p || kʷ, -k; kf || <big>پ</big> || 𐌵 || U u || ||

|-

| L l || l || – || ~~<big>~~<big> ل~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌻 || Λ λ

| L l || l || – || <big> ل</big> || 𐌻 || Λ λ || ||

|-

| Lj lj || ʎ || – || ~~<big>~~<big> ڷ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌻𐌾 || Λg λg

| Lj lj || ʎ || – || <big> ڷ</big> || 𐌻𐌾 || Λg λg || ||

|-

| M m || m || – || ~~<big>~~<big> م~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌼 || M m

| M m || m || – || <big> م</big> || 𐌼 || M m || ||

|-

| Mj mj || ɲ || – || <big>~~<big> ݥ</big>~~</big> || 𐌼𐌾 || Mg mg

| Mj mj || ɲ || – || <big> ݧ </big> || 𐌼𐌾 || Mg mg || ||

|-

| N n || n || – || ~~<big>~~<big> ن~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌽 || N v

| N n || n || – || <big> ن</big> || 𐌽 || N v || ||

|-

| Nj nj || ɲ || – || ~~<big>~~<big> ݧ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌽𐌾 || Ng ng

| Nj nj || ɲ || – || <big> ݧ</big> || 𐌽𐌾 || Ng ng || ||

|-

| O o || ɔ, o(ː) || wɔ, wo(ː) || ~~<big>~~<big>ــٗـ ، ~~ــٗا</big>~~</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉 || Ω w; Ω̄ w̄

| O o || ɔ, o(ː) || wɔ, wo(ː) || <big>ــٗـ ، ــٗو</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉 || Ω w; Ω̄ w̄ || ||

|-

| Ó ó; Ô ô || o(ː) || wo(ː) || <big>~~<big>ــٗا</big>~~</big> || Ω̄ w̄; Ω̂ ŵ

| Ó ó; Ô ô || o(ː) || wo(ː) || <big>ــٗو</big> || Ω̄ w̄; Ω̂ ŵ || ||

|-

| Ö ö || œ, ø(ː) || ɥœ, ɥø(ː) || 7<big>~~<big>ــٗـ~~ ، ~~ــٗا</big>~~</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉𐌹 || Ωi wi; Ω̄i w̄i

| Ö ö || œ, ø(ː) || ɥœ, ɥø(ː) || 7<big>ــࣹـ ، ــࣹا</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉𐌹 || Ωi wi; Ω̄i w̄i || ||

|-

| Eo eo; Êo êo || ø(ː) || ɥø(ː) || 7</small~~><big~~><big>ــٗا~~</big>~~</big> || Ω̄i w̄i; Ω̂i ŵi

| Eo eo; Êo êo || ø(ː) || ɥø(ː) || 7<big>ــٗا</big> || Ω̄i w̄i; Ω̂i ŵi || ||

|-

| Oi oi || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯ː || <big>~~<big> ــٗيْ</big>~~</big> || 𐌰𐌿𐌹 || Ani ani

| Oi oi || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯ː || <big> ــٗی</big> || 𐌰𐌿𐌹 || Ani ani || ||

|-

| Ou ou || ɔʊ̯ || aʊ̯; əʊ̯; uː || ~~<big>~~<big> ــٗـوْ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐍉𐌿 || Ωw Ωw

| Ou ou || ɔʊ̯ || aʊ̯; əʊ̯; uː || <big> ــٗـوْ</big> || 𐍉𐌿 || Ωw Ωw || ||

|-

| P p || p || – || ~~<big>~~<big> پ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐍀 || П ր

| P p || p || – || <big> پ</big> || 𐍀 || П ր || ||

|-

| Pj pj || t͡ʃ || – || <big>~~<big> ڭ</big>~~</big> || 𐍀𐌾 || Пg րg

| Pj pj || t͡ʃ || – || <big> چ</big> || 𐍀𐌾 || Пg րg || ||

|-

| R r || r || ɹ; ʀ; ʁ || ~~<big>~~<big> ر ~~</big>~~</big> || 𐍂 || R p

| R r || r || ɹ; ʀ; ʁ || <big> ر </big> || 𐍂 || R p || ||

|-

| Rj rj || ʒ || - || <big>~~<big>ڗ</big>~~</big> || 𐍂𐌾 || Rg pg

| Rj rj || ʒ || - || <big>ژ</big> || 𐍂𐌾 || Rg pg || ||

|-

| S s || s || VS-z-VS || ~~<big>~~<big>س~~</big>~~</big> || 𐍃 || S s

| S s || s || VS-z-VS || <big>س</big> || 𐍃 || S s || ||

|-

| Sj sj || s || - || ~~<big>~~<big>ش~~</big>~~</big> || 𐍃𐌾 || Sg sg

| Sj sj || s || - || <big>ش</big> || 𐍃𐌾 || Sg sg || ||

|-

| rowspan="2"| Sk sk || sk || – || <big>~~<big>سك</big>~~</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐍃𐌺 || Sk sk

| rowspan="2"| Sk sk || sk || – || <big>سک</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐍃𐌺 || Sk sk || ||

|-

| ʃ || - || <big>~~<big>سڭ</big>~~</big> || Sḱ sḱ

| ʃ || - || <big>ش</big> || Sḱ sḱ || ||

|-

| Skj skj || ʃ || - || <big>~~<big>سڭ</big>~~</big> || 𐍃𐌺𐌾 || Skg skg

| Skj skj || ʃ || - || <big>ش</big> || 𐍃𐌺𐌾 || Skg skg || ||

|-

| T t || t || - || ~~<big>~~<big>ت~~</big>~~</big> || 𐍄 || T t

| T t || t || - || <big>ت</big> || 𐍄 || T t || ||

|-

| Tj tj || t͡s || s || <big>~~<big>ݭ</big>~~</big> || 𐍄𐌾 || Tg tg

| Tj tj || t͡s || s || <big>ڃ</big> || 𐍄𐌾 || Tg tg || ||

|-

| Þ þ || θ || VS-ð-VS || ~~<big>~~<big> ث~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌸 || Ψ ф

| Þ þ || θ || VS-ð-VS || <big> ث</big> || 𐌸 || Ψ ф || ||

|-

| Þj þj || s || – || ~~<big>~~<big> س~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌸𐌾 || Ψg фg

| Þj þj || s || – || <big> س</big> || 𐌸𐌾 || Ψg фg || ||

|-

| U u || ɪ, i(ː)1 || – || ~~<big>~~<big>ــُـ ، ــُو~~</big>~~</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌿 || Ո n, Ī ī

| U u || ɪ, i(ː)1 || – || <big>ــُـ ، ــُو</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌿 || Ո n, Ī ī || ||

|-

| Ú ú; Û û || i(ː)1 || – || ~~<big>~~<big> ــُو~~</big>~~</big> || Ո̄ n̄; Ո̂ n̂

| Ú ú; Û û || i(ː)1 || – || <big> ــُو</big> || Ո̄ n̄; Ո̂ n̂ || ||

|-

| Ue ue || i(ː)1 || uə̯ || ~~<big>~~<big> ــُو~~</big>~~</big> || 𐌿𐌰 || Ոă nă

| Ue ue || i(ː)1 || uə̯ || <big> ــُو</big> || 𐌿𐌰 || Ոă nă || ||

|-

|}

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 ===Orthography===
-Gothedish can be written in various orthographies. The most commonly used is the Latin alphabet, followed by Arabic and Gothic. The Gothic alphabet has two main variations known as ''Aldgutske'' (Old Gothic) and ''Neygutske'' (New Gothic)
+Gothedish can be written in various orthographies. The most commonly used is the Latin alphabet, followed by Arabic, Gothic, and Slavic. The Gothic alphabet has two main variations known as ''Aldgutske'' (Old Gothic) and ''Neygutske'' (New Gothic)
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
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-!width=100| Latin (Lateinske) !!width=100|  IPA !!width=100|  Dialectal variants   !!width=100| Arabic (Arabske)  !!width=100| Old Gothic (Aldgutske) !!width=100| New Gothic (Neygutske) !!| Examples
+! Latin (Lateinske) !! IPA !! Dialectal variants   !! Perso-Arabic (Arabske)  !! Old Gothic (Aldgutske) !! New Gothic (Neygutske) !! Cyrillic (Kirilske)  !! Examples
 |-
-|  A a || ʌ, ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big><big>ــَـ ، ــَا</big></big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰 || A a, Ā ā ||  <i>h'''a'''nd</i> /h'''ʌ'''nt/ "hand", <i>'''a'''pel</i> /'''ɑː'''pl̩/ "apple"
+|  A a || ʌ, ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big>ــَـ ، ــَا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰 || A a, Ā ā ||  ||  <i>h'''a'''nd</i> /h'''ʌ'''nt/ "hand", <i>'''a'''pel</i> /'''ɑː'''pl̩/ "apple"
 |-
-|  Á á; Â â || ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big><big> ــَا</big></big> || Ā ā; Â â ||  <i>h'''á'''bde</i> /h'''ɑ'''bdə/, <i>h'''â'''de</i> /h'''ɑː'''də/ "had"
+|  Á á; Â â || ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big> ــَا</big> || Ā ā; Â â ||  || <i>h'''á'''bde</i> /h'''ɑ'''bdə/, <i>h'''â'''de</i> /h'''ɑː'''də/ "had"
 |-
-|  Ä ä || æ, ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || ɛ, e(ː) ||  <big><big>ــٰـ ، ــٰا</big></big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌹 || Ai ai, Āi āi || <i>'''ä'''rþe</i> /'''æ'''rθə/ "earth", <i>'''ä'''n</i> /'''ɛ'''n/ "one"
+|  Ä ä || æ, ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || ɛ, e(ː) ||  <big>ــٰـ ، ــٰا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌹 || Ai ai, Āi āi || || <i>'''ä'''rþe</i> /'''æ'''rθə/ "earth", <i>'''ä'''n</i> /'''ɛ'''n/ "one"
 |-
-|  Ea ea; Êa êa || ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || e(ː) || <big><big> ــٰا</big></big> || Āi āi; Âi âi || <i>'''êa'''n</i> /'''ɛ'''n/ "property"
+|  Ea ea; Êa êa || ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || e(ː) || <big> ــٰا</big> || Āi āi; Âi âi || || <i>'''êa'''n</i> /'''ɛ'''n/ "property"
 |-
-|  Å å || ɒ, ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || ɔ, o(ː) || <big><big>ــٝـ ، ــٝا</big></big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌿 || An an, Ān ān || <i>'''å'''ster</i> /'''ɒ'''str̩/ "east", <i>h'''å'''bed</i> /h'''ɔː'''bəþ/ "head"
+|  Å å || ɒ, ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || ɔ, o(ː) || <big>ــٝـ ، ــٝا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌿 || An an, Ān ān || || <i>'''å'''ster</i> /'''ɒ'''str̩/ "east", <i>h'''å'''bed</i> /h'''ɔː'''bəθ/ "head"
 |-
-|  Oa oa; Ôa ôa || ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || o(ː)  || <big><big> ــٝا</big></big> || Ān ān; Ân ân || <i>h'''ôa'''d</i> /h'''ɔː'''θ/ "head"
+|  Oa oa; Ôa ôa || ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || o(ː)  || <big> ــٝا</big> || Ān ān; Ân ân || || <i>h'''ôa'''d</i> /h'''ɔː'''θ/ "head"
 |-
-|  B b || b, <small>NN</small>-f, <small>N</small>-p<small><sup>2</sup></small> || <small>NN</small>-v-<small>V</small> || <big><big>ب ، ف </big></big> || 𐌱 || B b || <i>'''b'''arn</i> /'''b'''ʌrn/ "child", <i>hlä'''b'''</i> /ɬɛ'''f'''/ "bread", <i>lam'''b'''</i> /lʌm'''p'''/ "sheep"
+|  B b || b, <small>NN</small>-f, <small>N</small>-p<small><sup>2</sup></small> || <small>NN</small>-v-<small>V</small> || <big>ب ، ف </big> || 𐌱 || B b || || <i>'''b'''arn</i> /'''b'''ʌrn/ "child", <i>hlä'''b'''</i> /ɬɛ'''f'''/ "bread", <i>lam'''b'''</i> /lʌm'''p'''/ "sheep"
 |-
-|  Bj bj || d͡ʒ, <small>NN</small>-ʃ, <small>N</small>-t͡ʃ<small><sup>2</sup></small> || ʒ || <big><big>ج ، ش </big></big> || 𐌱𐌾 || Bg bg || <i>þår'''bj'''e</i> /θɒr'''d͡ʒ'''ə/ "I/he/she/it need (pres. subj.)"
+|  Bj bj || d͡ʒ, <small>NN</small>-ʃ, <small>N</small>-t͡ʃ<small><sup>2</sup></small> || ʒ || <big>ج ، ش </big> || 𐌱𐌾 || Bg bg || || <i>þår'''bj'''e</i> /θɒr'''d͡ʒ'''ə/ "I/he/she/it need (pres. subj.)"
 |-
-|  C c<sup>3</sup> || k, t͡s || – || – || – || – || <i>'''c'''al'''c'''ien</i> /ˈ'''k'''ʌl'''t͡s'''in/ "calcium"
+|  C c<sup>3</sup> || k, t͡s || – || – || – || – || || <i>'''c'''al'''c'''ien</i> /ˈ'''k'''ʌl'''t͡s'''in/ "calcium"
 |-
-|  Ch ch || x || – || <big><big>خ </big></big> || 𐍇 || X x || <i>du'''ch'''an</i> /dʊˈ'''x'''ɑn/ "smoke"
+|  Ch ch || x || – || <big>خ </big> || 𐍇 || X x || || <i>du'''ch'''an</i> /dʊˈ'''x'''ɑn/ "smoke"
 |-
-|  D d || d, <small>V</small>-θ, <small>C</small>-t<small><sup>2</sup></small> || <small>V</small>-ð-<small>V</small> || <big><big>د ، ث </big></big> || 𐌳 || D d ||<i>'''d'''al</i> /'''d'''ɑl/ "valley", <i>go'''d'''</i> /go'''θ'''/ "good", <i>hun'''d'''</i> /hʊn'''t'''/ "dog"
+|  D d || d, <small>V</small>-θ, <small>C</small>-t<small><sup>2</sup></small> || <small>V</small>-ð-<small>V</small> || <big>د ، ث </big> || 𐌳 || D d || || <i>'''d'''al</i> /'''d'''ɑl/ "valley", <i>go'''d'''</i> /go'''θ'''/ "good", <i>hun'''d'''</i> /hʊn'''t'''/ "dog"
 |-
-|  Dj dj || z, <small>V</small>-s, <small>C</small>-t͡s<small><sup>2</sup></small> || d͡ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ;<br /> ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ; d͡z  || <big><big>ز </big></big> || 𐌳𐌾 || Dg dg ||
+|  Dj dj || z, <small>V</small>-s, <small>C</small>-t͡s<small><sup>2</sup></small> || d͡ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ;<br /> ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ; d͡z  || <big>ز، س </big> || 𐌳𐌾 || Dg dg ||  ||
 |-
-|  rowspan="2"| E e || ɛ, e(ː) <small><sup>1</sup></small> ||  jɛ, je(ː)|| <big><big>ــٖـ ، ــٖا</big></big> ||𐌴 || E e, Ē ē
+|  rowspan="2"| E e || ɛ, e(ː) <small><sup>1</sup></small> ||  jɛ, je(ː)|| <big>ــٖـ ، ــٖی</big> ||𐌴 || E e, Ē ē ||  ||
 |-
-|  ə<sup>4</sup> || –  || <big><big> ــَـ ، ــِـ</big></big> ||𐌰 || Ă ă
+|  ə<sup>4</sup> || –  || <big> ــَـ ، ــِـ</big> ||𐌰 || Ă ă ||  ||
 |-
-|  É é; Ê ê || e(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || je(ː) || <big><big> ــٖا</big></big> ||𐌴  || Ē ē; Ê ê
+|  É é; Ê ê || e(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || je(ː) || <big> ــٖی</big> ||𐌴  || Ē ē; Ê ê ||  ||
 |-
-|  Ei ei || ɛɪ̯ || aɪ̯; əɪ̯; iː || <big><big> ــَيْ</big></big> || 𐌴𐌹 || Ei ei
+|  Ei ei || ɛɪ̯ || aɪ̯; əɪ̯; iː || <big> ــَی</big> || 𐌴𐌹 || Ei ei ||  ||
 |-
-|  Eu eu || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯ || <big><big> ـٰـوْ</big></big> || 𐌴𐌿 || En en
+|  Eu eu || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯ || <big> ـٰـوْ</big> || 𐌴𐌿 || En en ||  ||
 |-
-|  Ey ey || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯; yː || <big><big> ــٗيْ</big></big> || 𐌴𐌹𐌿 || Ein ein
+|  Ey ey || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯; yː || <big> ــٗی</big> || 𐌴𐌹𐌿 || Ein ein ||  ||
 |-
-|  F f || f || <small>VS</small>-v-<small>VS</small> || <big><big> ف</big></big> || 𐍆 || F f
+|  F f || f || <small>VS</small>-v-<small>VS</small> || <big> ف</big> || 𐍆 || F f ||  ||
 |-
-|  Fj fj || ʃ || – || <big><big> ش</big></big> || 𐍆𐌾 || Fg fg
+|  Fj fj || ʃ || – || <big> ش</big> || 𐍆𐌾 || Fg fg ||  ||
 |-
-|  rowspan="2"| G g || ɡ, <small>V</small>-x, <small>C</small>-k<small><sup>2</sup></small> || <small>V</small>-ɣ-<small>V</small> || <big><big> چ</big></big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌲 || Г r
+|  rowspan="2"| G g || ɡ, <small>V</small>-x, <small>C</small>-k<small><sup>2</sup></small> || <small>V</small>-ɣ-<small>V</small> || <big>گ </big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌲 || Г r ||  ||
 |-
-|  d͡ʒ-, <small>V</small>-j-<small>V</small>, -ʃ<small><sup>2,5</sup></small> || <small>V</small>-ʒ-<small>V</small> || <big><big>ج ، ي ، ش</big></big> || Ѓ ŕ
+|  d͡ʒ-, <small>V</small>-j-<small>V</small>, -ʃ<small><sup>2,5</sup></small> || <small>V</small>-ʒ-<small>V</small> || <big>ج ، ی ، ش</big> || Ѓ ŕ ||  ||
 |-
-|  Gj gj || d͡ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ || <small>V</small>-ʒ-<small>V</small>; ʒ || <big><big> ج</big></big> || 𐌲𐌾 || Гg rg
+|  Gj gj || d͡ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ || <small>V</small>-ʒ-<small>V</small>; ʒ || <big> ج</big> || 𐌲𐌾 || Гg rg  ||  ||
 |-
-|  Gv gv || b, <small>V</small>-f, <small>C</small>-p || <small>V</small>-v-<small>V</small>; ɡw, <small>V</small>-x, <small>C</small>-k; gv, -kf || <big><big> ب</big></big> || 𐍁 || Ч ɥ
+|  Gv gv || b, <small>V</small>-f, <small>C</small>-p || <small>V</small>-v-<small>V</small>; ɡw, <small>V</small>-x, <small>C</small>-k; gv, -kf || <big>، ف ب</big> || 𐍁 || Ч ɥ ||  ||
 |-
-|  H h || h, Ø<small><sup>6</sup></small> || x || <big><big> هـ</big></big> || 𐌷 || Һ h
+|  H h || h, Ø<small><sup>6</sup></small> || x || <big> هـ</big> || 𐌷 || Һ h ||  ||
 |-
-|  Hj hj || ʃ || ç || <big><big> ش</big></big> || 𐌷𐌾 || Һg hg
+|  Hj hj || ʃ || ç || <big> ش</big> || 𐌷𐌾 || Һg hg ||  ||
 |-
-|  Hl hl || ɬ, -ːl(-) || xl; -ɬ- || <big><big>ڛ ، ل</big></big> || 𐌷𐌻 || Һλ hλ
+|  Hl hl || ɬ, -ːl(-) || xl; -ɬ- || <big>ݪ ، ل</big> || 𐌷𐌻 || Һλ hλ ||  ||
 |-
-|  Hr hr || r̥, -ːr(-) || ʂ; xr; χ; -r̥- || <big><big> ڗ ، ر</big></big> || 𐌷𐍂 || Һp hp
+|  Hr hr || r̥, -ːr(-) || ʂ; xr; χ; -r̥- || <big> ݛ ، ر</big> || 𐌷𐍂 || Һp hp ||  ||
 |-
-|  Hv hv || f, <small>V</small>-v-<small>V</small> || ʍ; xʷ, -x; xf; kf || <big><big> ف</big></big> || 𐍈 || Θ ɵ
+|  Hv hv || f || <small>V</small>-v-<small>V</small>; ʍ; xʷ, -x; xf; kf || <big> ف</big> || 𐍈 || Θ ɵ ||  ||
 |-
-|  I i || ɪ, i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big><big>ــِـ ، ــِي</big></big> || rowspan="2"|𐌹 || I i, Ī ī
+|  I i || ɪ, i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big>ــِـ ، ــِی</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌹 || I i, Ī ī ||  ||
 |-
-|  Í í; Î î || i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big><big> ــِي</big></big> || Ī ī; Î î
+|  Í í; Î î || i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big> ــِی</big> || Ī ī; Î î ||  ||
 |-
-|  Ie ie || i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || iə̯ ||  <big><big> ــِي</big></big> || 𐌹𐌰 ||  Iă iă
+|  Ie ie || i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || iə̯ ||  <big> ــِی</big> || 𐌹𐌰 ||  Iă iă ||  ||
 |-
-|  J j || j || – || <big><big> ي</big></big> || 𐌾 || G g
+|  J j || j || – || <big> ی</big> || 𐌾 || G g ||  ||
 |-
-|  rowspan="2"| K k || k || – || <big><big> ك</big></big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌺 || K k
+|  rowspan="2"| K k || k || – || <big> ک</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌺 || K k ||  ||
 |-
-|  t͡ʃ || ʃ || <big><big>ڭ</big></big> || Ḱ ḱ
+|  t͡ʃ || ʃ || <big>چ</big> || Ḱ ḱ ||  ||
 |-
-|  Kj kj || t͡ʃ || ʃ || <big><big> ڭ</big></big> || 𐌺𐌾 || Kg kg
+|  Kj kj || t͡ʃ || ʃ || <big> چ</big> || 𐌺𐌾 || Kg kg ||  ||
 |-
-| Kv kv || p || kʷ, -k; kf || <big><big>پ</big></big> || 𐌵 || U u
+| Kv kv || p || kʷ, -k; kf || <big>پ</big> || 𐌵 || U u ||  ||
 |-
-|  L l || l || – || <big><big> ل</big></big> || 𐌻 || Λ λ
+|  L l || l || – || <big> ل</big> || 𐌻 || Λ λ ||  ||
 |-
-|  Lj lj || ʎ || – || <big><big> ڷ</big></big> || 𐌻𐌾 || Λg λg
+|  Lj lj || ʎ || – || <big> ڷ</big> || 𐌻𐌾 || Λg λg ||  ||
 |-
-|  M m || m || – || <big><big> م</big></big> || 𐌼 || M m
+|  M m || m || – || <big> م</big> || 𐌼 || M m ||  ||
 |-
-|  Mj mj || ɲ || – || <big><big> ݥ</big></big> || 𐌼𐌾 || Mg mg
+|  Mj mj || ɲ || – || <big> ݧ </big> || 𐌼𐌾 || Mg mg ||  ||
 |-
-|  N n || n || – || <big><big> ن</big></big> || 𐌽 || N v
+|  N n || n || – || <big> ن</big> || 𐌽 || N v ||  ||
 |-
-|  Nj nj || ɲ || – || <big><big> ݧ</big></big> || 𐌽𐌾 || Ng ng
+|  Nj nj || ɲ || – || <big> ݧ</big> || 𐌽𐌾 || Ng ng ||  ||
 |-
-| O o || ɔ, o(ː) || wɔ, wo(ː) || <big><big>ــٗـ ، ــٗا</big></big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉 || Ω w; Ω̄ w̄
+| O o || ɔ, o(ː) || wɔ, wo(ː) || <big>ــٗـ ، ــٗو</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉 || Ω w; Ω̄ w̄ ||  ||
 |-
-| Ó ó; Ô ô || o(ː) || wo(ː) || <big><big>ــٗا</big></big> || Ω̄ w̄; Ω̂ ŵ
+| Ó ó; Ô ô || o(ː) || wo(ː) || <big>ــٗو</big> || Ω̄ w̄; Ω̂ ŵ ||  ||
 |-
-| Ö ö || œ, ø(ː) || ɥœ, ɥø(ː) || <small><sup>7</sup></small><big><big>ــٗـ ، ــٗا</big></big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉𐌹 || Ωi wi; Ω̄i w̄i
+| Ö ö || œ, ø(ː) || ɥœ, ɥø(ː) || <small><sup>7</sup></small><big>ــࣹـ ، ــࣹا</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉𐌹 || Ωi wi; Ω̄i w̄i ||  ||
 |-
-| Eo eo; Êo êo || ø(ː) || ɥø(ː) || <small><sup>7</sup></small><big><big>ــٗا</big></big> || Ω̄i w̄i; Ω̂i ŵi
+| Eo eo; Êo êo || ø(ː) || ɥø(ː) || <small><sup>7</sup></small><big>ــٗا</big> || Ω̄i w̄i; Ω̂i ŵi ||  ||
 |-
-|  Oi oi || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯ː || <big><big> ــٗيْ</big></big> || 𐌰𐌿𐌹 || Ani ani
+|  Oi oi || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯ː || <big> ــٗی</big> || 𐌰𐌿𐌹 || Ani ani ||  ||
 |-
-|  Ou ou || ɔʊ̯ || aʊ̯; əʊ̯; uː || <big><big> ــٗـوْ</big></big> || 𐍉𐌿 || Ωw Ωw
+|  Ou ou || ɔʊ̯ || aʊ̯; əʊ̯; uː || <big> ــٗـوْ</big> || 𐍉𐌿 || Ωw Ωw ||  ||
 |-
-|  P p || p || – || <big><big> پ</big></big> || 𐍀 || П ր
+|  P p || p || – || <big> پ</big> || 𐍀 || П ր ||  ||
 |-
-|  Pj pj || t͡ʃ || – || <big><big> ڭ</big></big> || 𐍀𐌾 || Пg րg
+|  Pj pj || t͡ʃ || – || <big> چ</big> || 𐍀𐌾 || Пg րg ||  ||
 |-
-| R r || r || ɹ; ʀ; ʁ || <big><big> ر </big></big> || 𐍂 || R p
+| R r || r || ɹ; ʀ; ʁ || <big> ر </big> || 𐍂 || R p ||  ||
 |-
-| Rj rj || ʒ || - || <big><big>ڗ</big></big> || 𐍂𐌾 || Rg pg
+| Rj rj || ʒ || - || <big>ژ</big> || 𐍂𐌾 || Rg pg ||  ||
 |-
-| S s || s || <small>VS</small>-z-<small>VS</small> || <big><big>س</big></big> || 𐍃 || S s
+| S s || s || <small>VS</small>-z-<small>VS</small> || <big>س</big> || 𐍃 || S s ||  ||
 |-
-| Sj sj || s || - || <big><big>ش</big></big> || 𐍃𐌾 || Sg sg
+| Sj sj || s || - || <big>ش</big> || 𐍃𐌾 || Sg sg ||  ||
 |-
-|  rowspan="2"| Sk sk || sk || – || <big><big>سك</big></big> || rowspan="2"| 𐍃𐌺 || Sk sk
+|  rowspan="2"| Sk sk || sk || – || <big>سک</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐍃𐌺 || Sk sk ||  ||
 |-
-|  ʃ || - || <big><big>سڭ</big></big> || Sḱ sḱ
+|  ʃ || - || <big>ش</big> || Sḱ sḱ ||  ||
 |-
-|  Skj skj || ʃ || - || <big><big>سڭ</big></big> || 𐍃𐌺𐌾 || Skg skg
+|  Skj skj || ʃ || - || <big>ش</big> || 𐍃𐌺𐌾 || Skg skg ||  ||
 |-
-| T t || t || - || <big><big>ت</big></big> || 𐍄 || T t
+| T t || t || - || <big>ت</big> || 𐍄 || T t ||  ||
 |-
-| Tj tj || t͡s || s || <big><big>ݭ</big></big> || 𐍄𐌾 || Tg tg
+| Tj tj || t͡s || s || <big>ڃ</big> || 𐍄𐌾 || Tg tg ||  ||
 |-
-|  Þ þ || θ || <small>VS</small>-ð-<small>VS</small> || <big><big> ث</big></big> || 𐌸 || Ψ ф
+|  Þ þ || θ || <small>VS</small>-ð-<small>VS</small> || <big> ث</big> || 𐌸 || Ψ ф ||  ||
 |-
-|  Þj þj || s || – || <big><big> س</big></big> || 𐌸𐌾 || Ψg фg
+|  Þj þj || s || – || <big> س</big> || 𐌸𐌾 || Ψg фg ||  ||
 |-
-|  U u || ɪ, i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big><big>ــُـ ، ــُو</big></big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌿 || Ո n, Ī ī
+|  U u || ɪ, i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big>ــُـ ، ــُو</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌿 || Ո n, Ī ī ||  ||
 |-
-|  Ú ú; Û û || i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big><big> ــُو</big></big> || Ո̄ n̄; Ո̂  n̂
+|  Ú ú; Û û || i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big> ــُو</big> || Ո̄ n̄; Ո̂  n̂ ||  ||
 |-
-|  Ue ue || i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || uə̯ ||  <big><big> ــُو</big></big> || 𐌿𐌰 || Ոă nă
+|  Ue ue || i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || uə̯ ||  <big> ــُو</big> || 𐌿𐌰 || Ոă nă ||  ||
 |-<!-- v vj w x y... z zj-->
 |}