User:IlL/Spare pages 1/4: Difference between revisions

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===Classifiers===
===Classifiers===
Classifiers are a closed class.
Classifiers are a relatively open class.


''li-L'', ''tzagh-N'', ''hnyoobh'', ''lees-N'', ''zua-N'', ''yaus-L'', ...
Do they always lenite, or always eclipse?
 
*li-L = humans
**''faon'' = a man; ''li fhaon'' = the man (classifier ''li'')
*tzagh-N = animals
**''plaidh'' = a dog; ''tzagh nplaidh'' = the dog (classifier ''tzagh'')
*hnyoobh = tall objects such as trees, buildings
**''qo'' = a tree; ''hnyoobh qo'' the tree
*zua-N: infinitive
**''dor'' = is born; ''zua ndor'' = to be born (inf.)
*lees-N = nominalization, way of X-ing
**''doigh'' = 'to speak'; ''lees ndoigh'' 'language'


===Verbs===
===Verbs===

Revision as of 05:33, 4 March 2018

User:IlL/Spare pages 1/4/Swadesh list
IlL/Spare pages 1/4
lees ndoigh Kuamh
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Hlou-Ku
  • IlL/Spare pages 1/4
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

4 (English: /ku:/, natively lees ndoigh Kuamh /leə noi ku/ (TBA: tone)) is a language spoken in Bjeheond; as a Hlou-Ku language, it's related to Hlou. It is a monosyllabic tonal language inspired by Hmong and Irish. Like Irish, it has initial consonant mutations.

Todo

Motivation: "Sinospheric Irish" or "Hmoob read by an Irish speaker"

  • Explain: lexical mutation in Hlou, grammatical mutation in Ku
    • Hlou lexical mutation could have arisen from a grammatical mutation system where the particles fell away
  • dor = to be born ~ Hlou Ndol 'person'
  • TODO: kl gl sk > q
  • bach = small, meer = big (not the usual words)
  • hlubh = to love (hlub means "to love" in Hmong)
  • Mutation system might simplify in Modern Ku - classifiers may become an open class again.

Phonology

4 has fewer initials and fewer vowels than Hlou, due to initial mutations.

Phonotactics

C + V + tone

Initials

m n ny l nl r y w = /m n ɲ l (dark l) r j w/

hm hn hny hl hr hy hw = /ʰm ʰn ʰɲ ʰl ʰr ç (voiceless w)/

p t tz ts tx c k q b d j g = /p t ts (Basque ts) tʃ c k q b d ɟ g/

pl bl tl dl = /pl bl tl dl/

ph th tzh tsh txh ch kh qh bh dh jh gh = /f θ s (Basque s) ʃ ç x χ v ð j ɣ/

phl bhl thl dhl /fl vl ɬ ɮ/

np nt ntz nts ntx nc nk nq nb nd nj ng = /b d dz (voiced Basque ts) dʒ ɟ g ɢ m n ɲ ŋ/

npl nbl ntl ndl /bl ml dl nl/

f z s x h = /f s (Basque s) ʃ h/

nf nz ns nx, also fh zh sh xh = /v z (voiced Basque s) ʒ/

Rimes

a i ao u e o ee oo ai ei oi au eu ia ua = /a ɪ ɨ ʊ ɛ ɔ ea oa ai ei oi au eu i u/

Tones

9 tones:

  • -Ø: mid level
  • -ch: entering (i.e. glottal stop final)
  • -s: low falling
  • -r: low rising
  • -gh: low creaky
  • -mh: breathy
  • -bh: mid rising
  • -dh: high falling
  • -n: high level

Grammar

Ku is SVO and head-initial. Many function words in Ku trigger mutations.

Nouns

plural word: yoo-N (placed after classifier but before noun)

Classifiers

Classifiers are a relatively open class.

Do they always lenite, or always eclipse?

Verbs

Sample text

Tower of Babel

Pugh zedh yaus qhar nyiamh tso txuabh zhaor aon lees ndoigh kiabh aon lees ntlair.
CONJ in CLF world whole PST give only one CLF language and one CLF speak
And in the whole world there was one language and one way of speaking.
Roomh li yoo nlas jhugh dle [hyoch mhar], [ka nfemh] re txuabh tzhaoch ibh yaus [jho qiagh] Xi-Na, pugh re txuabh cheich hmoi nblaun.
when CLF PL person travel eastward then
As the people moved eastward...
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