Qino: Difference between revisions

Qino can be written in the Arabic, Latin, or Ge'ez scripts. In this article, the Latin script (with accent indicated) is used for ease of reading. The Arabic script has two common variants: Western ("Traditional") and Eastern ("Modern").

| <big>ـأ أ</big> || <big>أ</big> || ' || አ || ʔ || Here hamzah is shown on alif, but it may occur on waw (ؤ), ya' (ئ), or without a "chair" (ء).

| <big>ببب ب</big> || <big>ب</big> || b || በ || b || May be lenited to [β ~ β̞] between vowels (optionally indicated in traditional Arabic script as ۋ).  

| <big>پپپ پ</big> || <big>ڀ</big> || bh || ጰ || ɓ || May be lenited to [β̞ˀ] between vowels.

| <big>تتت ت</big> || <big>ت</big> || t || ተ || t ||  

| <big>ثثث ث</big> || <big>ث</big> || th || ሠ || θ || Occurs in loanwords. Nativized as /t/.

| <big>ججج ج</big> || <big>ج</big> || j || ጀ || d͡ʒ || May be lenited to [ʝ ~ j] between vowels (optionally indicated in Arabic script as ی).

| <big>ڃڃڃ ڃ</big> || <big>ݧ</big> || ny || ኘ || ɲ ||  

| <big>چچچ چ</big> || <big>ڇ</big> || jh || ጨ || ʄ || May be lenited to [jˀ] between vowels.

| <big>ححح ح</big> || <big>ح</big> || x || ሐ || ħ ||  

| <big>خخخ خ</big> || <big>خ</big> || kh || ኀ || x ~ χ || Occurs in loanwords. May be nativized as /k/ or /ɠ/, especially in rural dialects.

| <big>ـد د</big> || <big>د</big> || d || ደ || d || May be lenited to [ð ~ ð̞] between vowels (optionally indicated in Arabic script as ذ).

| <big>ـذ ذ</big> || <big>ذ</big> || dz || ዘ || ð || Occurs in loanwords. Nativized as /d/. May be used for intervocalic allophone of /d/.

| <big>ـر ر</big> || <big>ر</big> || r || ረ || r || Becomes a tap (/ɾ/) between vowels.

| <big>ـز ز</big> || <big>ز</big> || z || ዘ || z || Occurs in loanwords. May be nativized as /s/, especially in rural dialects.

| <big>سسس س</big> || <big>س</big> || s || ሰ || s ||

| <big>ششش ش</big> || <big>ش</big> || sh || ሸ || ʃ ||  

| <big>صصص ص</big> || <big>ص</big> || s || ሰ || s || Occurs in Arabic loanwords. Educated pronunciation is /sˁ/.

| <big>ضضض ض</big> || <big>ض</big> || lh || ፀ || lˀ || In Arabic loanwords, may be pronounced as in Fusha (/dˁ/ or /d͡lˁ/ or whatever) or the "hybrid" pronunciations /ɗ͡l(ˁ)/ or /lˁ/.

| <big>ططط ط</big> || <big>ط</big> || dh || ጠ || ɗ || May be lenited to [ɾˀ] between vowels, which can be indicated orthographically as ڟ/rh. In loanwords, may be pronounced /t̪ˁ/ or the hybrid pronunciation /ɗ̪(ˁ)/.

| <big>ظظظ ظ</big> || <big>ظ</big> || dz || ጸ || ð || Occurs in Arabic loanwords. Educated pronunciation is /ðˁ/. Nativized as /d/ or /ɗ/.

| <big>ڟڟڟ ڟ</big> || <big>ڟ</big> || rh || ጠ || ɾˀ || Allophone of /ɗ/ between vowels. May not be distinguished from ط/dh.

| <big>ععع ع</big> || <big>ع</big> || c || ዐ || ʕ ||  

| <big>غغغ غ</big> || <big>غ</big> || gh || ቐ || ɣ ~ ʁ || Occurs in loanwords. Nativized as /ɡ/ or /ɠ/. May be used for the intervocalic allophone of /ɡ/.

| <big>ڢڢڡ ڡ</big> || <big>ف</big> || f || ፈ || f ||  

| <big>ڥڥڥ ڥ</big> || <big>پ</big> || p || ፐ || p || Occurs in loanwords. Nativized as /b/ or /f/.

| <big>ڧڧٯ ٯ</big> || <big>ق</big> || q || ቀ || ɠ || May be lenited to [ɰˀ] between vowels. In loanwords, may be pronounced /q/ or the hybrid pronunciation /ʛ/.

| <big>ققق ق</big> || <big>ڹ</big> || ng || ጘ || ŋ ||  

| <big>ڨڨڨ ڨ</big> || <big>ڠ</big> || g || ገ || ɡ || May be lenited to [ɣ ~ ɣ̞] between vowels (optionally indicated in Arabic script as غ).

| <big>ککک ک</big> || <big>ك</big> || k || ከ || k ||  

| <big>ݣݣݣ ݣ</big> || <big>چ</big> || ch || ቸ || t͡ʃ ||  

| <big>للل ل</big> || <big>ل</big> || l || ለ || l ||  

| <big>ممم م</big> || <big>م</big> || m || መ || m ||  

| <big>ننں ں</big> || <big>ن</big> || n || ነ || n ||  

| <big>ـو و</big> || <big>و</big> || w || ወ || w ||  

| <big>ـۋ ۋ</big> || <big>ڤ</big> || v || ቨ || v || Occurs in loanwords. Nativized as /f/, /b/, or /w/. May be used for intervocalic allophone of /b/.

| <big>ههه ه</big> || <big>ه</big> || h || ሀ || h || May be used at the end of words to show a final accented vowel in verbs.

| <big>ییی\ـے ی\ے</big> || <big>ي</big> || y || የ || j || In the traditional Arabic script, written as ے when representing a final /i(ː)/ or vowelless /-j/. May be used for intervocalic allophone of /d͡ʒ/.