Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob: Difference between revisions

| j

The maximal syllable structure is CCjVCC, where V is any vowel or diphthong, and the second consonant in the complex coda must be an obstruent. /ħ/ and /h/ are disallowed to occur in coda. Up to CCCj medial clusters are permitted. Vowel hiatus is prohibited, as in Balto-Slavic and Semitic languages.

The first declension consists primarily of masculine nouns. Nouns ending in a consonant may contain an epenthetic ''e'' to break up a forbidden consonant clusters, particularly those ending in resonants. The ''ħ''-stem nouns always end in ''-ā'', and this mutates to ''-aħ-'' before a ending beginning with a vowel, and exhibits the form ''-aC-'' before an ending beginning with any consonant. The ''h''-stems have a long vowel ending by default, which shortens in front of a consonant ending, along with gemination of any fricative-onset endings. The j-stem nouns, ending in ''-i'', display the ''-i'' before a possessive suffix beginning with a consonant, and a ''-j'' before one beginning with a vowel. Geminate stems end in a long vowel plus a final consonant in their base forms, which changes to a short vowel + geminate.

|rowspan=2|''jé'' (who);<br/>''jî'' (fem., rare);<br/>''ján'' (what)

|rowspan=2|''rôg'', ''jáŋ'' (adjective)

|colspan=2|''jajért''

|''jért'' (declined like ''ímé'')

|''jách''; ''émmâ''

|''smárján''

|''gléjách;'' ''glêm;'' ''jáche̋n''

|''glé smárján''

|''vójách;'' ''jáchàst''

|''vó smárján''

|''jápsè'', ''jémà''

|''jávȅš''

|''jêr;'' ''díeŋkúl''

|''gîemjêr''

|''jěn''

|''jást'', ''jezgâi''

Verbs have elaborate but quite regular inflection. Finite verbs are marked for TAM, mirativity, voice (active and mediopassive), the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, is obligatorily marked with the (usually direct) object's person, number, and gender in most TAMs, except in the imperative: ''Nés{{blue|ài}} zâr'' (kill-ACT.PRES.1SG cat.SG.INDEF 'I kill a cat') against ''Nes{{blue|âju}} zárrȅ'' (kill-ACT.PRES.1SG{{blue|>3SG.M}} cat-SG.DEF 'I kill the cat'). The verb may agree with an indirect object (which is typically animate) instead of with the direct object. Object agreement is often omitted in poetry. Verbs also have several non-finite forms, used with various subordinating conjunctions and relative clauses.

The mediopassive marks the subject as a patient of the verb. Apart from passivity, mediopassives may have a derivational function; they may indicate reflexive or involuntary/spontaneous actions with active intransitives, (''skőtvìti machjâist'' "my legs walk by themselves, without my control") or change of state for statives. As such there are quite a few deponent verbs, verbs that are inherently mediopassive, and also mediopassive counterparts of active intransitive verbs.

*''j''-stem verbs, whose ''j-'' stays ''j-'' before a vowel-onset ending (except plain ''-e''), and assumes the form ''i'' otherwise;

''takv'''éjam'''

'''''ka'''nés'''jan'''''<br/>

'''''ka'''tákv'''jēn'''''

'''''ka'''nés'''jar'''''<br/>

'''''ka'''tákv'''jēr'''''

'''''ka'''nés'''ja'''''<br/>

'''''ka'''tákv'''je'''''

|''vōjéch'', ''vôch''

|''vōjér'', ''vôr''

|''nājú''

|''nājí''

|''lajú''

|''lajám''

|''glējám''

|''pījú''

|''pījí''

|''jǐes''

|''jínáš''

|''jístèr''

|''jísslè''

|''jissínde''

|phrase = Hezūŋasré Kolnosimáttmē ie Ŋirchâ né jégléch ħēdāthénne, mežî ramlēsré né žlómalkámth kanílsnuhu skőtálg zîm teizár vo nassams{{blue|ŧû}}.

|morphemes = he-zūŋ-asré Kolnosimáttm-ē ie Ŋirch-â ne=jégléch ħēdāth-énn-e, mežî raml-ēsré ne=žlómalk-ámth k<an>íls-nuh-Ø-u skőtálg zîm teizár vo=nassams-{{blue|ŧû}}

*''jalúne'': "advisable".

:'''''ħe̋demplaħêjam'''''

''Tór pláħévnier ŧlâħe ie ftiļiny̋že vōjéch, širŋúre tolbasêich ān nadnék nái hélki šyrfǎmīd.''